Buradasınız

Canlı Hayvanlarda Bilgisayarlı X-Ray Tomografi Ölçüleri Kullanılarak Vücut Kompozisyonu ve Karkas Kalitesinin Tahmin Edilmesi

Using X-ray Computed Tomography Measurements to Predict Body Composition and Carcass Quality of Live Animals

Journal Name:

Publication Year:

Keywords (Original Language):

Author NameUniversity of AuthorFaculty of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
There are many technologies available to measure body composition and they differ in accuracy, reliability and cost, at the present time. For example, computer technology (CT), originally used in diagnostic medicine for humans, have been adapted in the last 20-30 years for using determination of carcass quality study in farm animal species with considerable success. The data from live animal using computer technology for index selection also obtained high genetic gain per generation. This scope, using by CT in live animals can be measured total carcass weight, amount of fat, muscle, and bone, rate of carcass fat, muscle and bone, carcass yield, percentage of shoulder, back and chest muscles of parts of the eye muscle length and depth. More recently, especially the United Kingdom and New Zealand in some countries, including, the use of CT in carcasses has been used to successfully in pigs, sheep, beef cattle, poultry and fish breeding. Nevertheless, these methods are expensive and need specific equipment. In this review, using CT technology opportunities was assessed to determine improving body composition and carcass quality of live animals.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Günümüzde hayvanlardan vücut ölçüleri alabileceğimiz güvenilirlik ve fiyatı farklı pek çok teknoloji vardır. Bunlardan Bilgisayarlı Tomografi (BT), ilk olarak tıpta tanı için kullanılmış ve son 20-30 yıldan bu yana ise çiftlik hayvanlarında karkas kalitesinin belirlenmesi çalışmalarına başarılı bir şekilde uyarlanmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin seleksiyon indekslerinde kullanılmasıyla da daha yüksek genetik ilerleme sağlanmıştır. BT ile canlı hayvanlardan karkas ağırlığı, yağ, kas ve kemik miktarları, karkas randımanı, yağ oranları, but, bel ve göğüs bölgelerinde kas yüzdesi ile göz kası uzunluğu, derinliği ve genişliği ölçülebilmektedir. Günümüzde BT teknolojisi başta İngiltere ve Yeni Zelanda olmak üzere birçok ülkede et koyunculuğunda, et sığırcılığında, domuz, kanatlı hayvan ve balık yetiştiriciliğinde başarılı bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte bu yöntemin pahalı olması ve belirli cihazlara ihtiyaç duyulması gibi dezavantajları vardır. Bu derlemede canlı hayvanların vücut kompozisyonlarının belirlenmesi ve karkas kalitesinin iyileştirilmesinde BT teknolojisinden yararlanma olanakları değerlendirilmiştir.
25
31

REFERENCES

References: 

Allen, P., Leymaster, K.A., 1989. Machine Error In x-
Ray Computer Tomography and Its Relevance To
Prediction of In Vivo Body Composition. Live.
Prod. Sci. 13: 383-398.
Amer, P.R., Nieuwhof, G.J., Pollott, G.E,, Roughsedge,
T., Conington. J., Simm, G., 2007. Industry benefits
from recent genetic progress in sheep and beef
populations. Animal. 1: 1414-1426.
Arthur, P.F., Barchia, I.M., Giles, L.R., Eamens G.J.,
2011. Chemical composition of growing pigs and its
relationship with body tissue composition assessed
by X-ray-computed tomography. J. Anim. Sci. 89
(12): 3935-3944.
Asher, G.W., Archer, J.A., Ward, J.F., Mackintosh,
C.G., Littlejohn, R.P., 2011. The effect of
prepubertal castration of red deer and wapiti-red
deer crossbred stags on growth and carcass
production. Livest. Sci.137:196-204.
Bertolini, G., Prokop, M., 2011. Multidetector-row
computed tomography: Technical basics and
preliminary clinical applications in small animals.
Vet. J.189 (1):15-26.
Brenøe, U.T., Kolstad, K., 2000. Body Composition
and Development Measured Repeatedly by
Computer Tomography During Growth in Two
Types of Turkeys. Poultry Sci. 79: 546-552.
Bünger, L.. Macfarlane, J.M., Lambe, N.R., Conington,
J., McLean, KA., Moore, K., Glasbey, C.A., Simm,
G., 2011. Use of X-Ray Computed Tomography
(CT) in UK Sheep Production and Breeding, CT
Scanning Techniques and Applications, Dr.
Karupppasamy Subburaj (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-
943-1.
Cavanagh, C.R., Jonas, E., Hobbs, M., Thomson, P.C.,
Tammen, I., Raadsma, H.W., 2010. Mapping
Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) in sheep. III. QTL for
carcass composition traits derived from CT scans
and aligned with a meta-assembly for sheep and
cattle carcass QTL. Gen. Sel. Evol. 42: 36
doi:10.1186/1297-9686-42-36.
Cemal, İ., Karaca, O., Altın, T., Gokdal, O., Yılmaz, M.,
Yılmaz, O., 2007. Ultrasound Measurments of Eye
KSÜ Doğa Bil. Derg., 16(3), 2013
KSU J. Nat. Sci., 16(3), 2013
30 Araştırma Makalesi
Research Article
Muscle Properties and Backfat Thicness in Kivircik
Lambs. Journal of Biological Science. 7(1):89-94.
Ceyhan, A., 2013. CT Scanning Service. Technical
visit. 05.06.2013. Edinburgh/ Scotland.
Çilek, S., Tekin M.E, 2004. Koyunlarda karkas
derecelendirmesi, Hayvancılık Araştırma Dergisi, 14
(1-2): 103-110.
Çilek, S., Tekin, M.E, 2005. Koyun karkaslarının
derecelendirmesinde ultrasonik yöntemler ve
sondaların kullanılması, Hayvancılık Araştırma
Dergisi. 15(2):17-23.
Donaldson, C.L., Lambe, N.R., Maltin, C.A., Knott, S.,
Bunger, L., 2013. Between -and within-breed
variations of spine characteristics in sheep. J. Anim.
Sci. 91(2): 995-1004.
Emmans, G.C., Kyriazakis, I., Fisher, C., 2000.
Consequences of selecting for growth and body
composition characteristics in poultry and pigs. The
challenge of genetic change in animal production.
pp. 39-53, BSAS.
Glasbey, C.A., Young, M.J., 2002. Maximum a
posteriori estimation of image boundaries by
dynamic programming. J. Roy. Stat. Soc. C-App. 51:
209-221.
Hill, W.G., Bishop, S.C., McGuirk, B., Mckay, J.C.,
Simm, G., Webb, A.J., 2000. The challenge of
genetic change in animal production. Foreword to
publication. The challenge of genetic change in
animal production. (Hill W.G., Bishop, S.C.,
McGuirk, B., Mckay, J.C., Simm, G., Webb, A.J,
eds) pp. BSAS.
Humann-Ziehank, E., Brauer, C., Kuks, A., Andreae,
A., Bruegmann, M.L., Ganter, M., 2011. Imaging
and score-based quantification of ovine pulmonary
adenocarcinoma using computed tomography as an
additional tool in advanced clinical diagnosis. Small
Ruminant Res. 96: 201-210.
İnce, D., Ayhan, V., 2008. Koyunlarda Karkas
Kalitesinin Belirlenmesinde Kullanılan Yöntemler.
Hayvansal Üretim 49(1): 57-61.
Jones, H.E., Lewis, R.M., Young, M.J., Wolf, B.T.,
2002. The use of X-ray computer tomography for
measuring the muscularity of live sheep. Anim. Sci.
75: 387-399.
Karamichou, E., Richardson, R.I., Nute, G.R., McLean,
K.A., Bishop, S.C., 2006. A partial genome scan to
map quantitative trait loci for carcass composition,
as assessed by X ray computer tomography, and
meat quality traits in Scottish Blackface Sheep.
Anim. Sci. 82: 301-309.
Karamichou, E.B., Merrell, G., Murray, W.A., Simm,
G., Bishop, S.C., 2007. Selection for carcass quality
in hill sheep measured by X-ray computer
tomography. Animal.1: 3-11.
Kempster, A.J., 1986. Correlations between indirect and
direct measurements of body composition. P. Nutr.
Soc. 45: 55-62.
Kim, W.K., Bloomfield, S.A., Ricke, S.C., 2011. Effects
of age, vitamin D3, and fructooligosaccharides on
bone growth and skeletal integrity of broiler chicks.
Poultry Sci. 90: 2425-2432.
Kor, A., Ertuğrul, M., 2000. Canlı Hayvanda Karkas
Kompozisyonu Tahmin Yöntemleri. Hayvansal
Üretim. 41: 91-101.
Korver, D.R., Saunders-Blades, J.L., Nadeau, K.L.,
2004. Assessing Bone Mineral Density In Vivo:
Quantitative Computed Tomography. Poultry Sci.
83: 222-229.
Krause, W., 1999. Delivery of diagnostic agents in
computed tomography. Adv. Drug. Delivery. Rev.
37:159-173.
Kupai, T., Baulain, U., Lengyel, A., 2009. Growth
modelling of different ram breeds using computer
tomography. Small Ruminant Res. 87: 1-8.
Kvame, T., McEwan, J.C., Amer, P.R., Jopson, N.B.,
2004. Economic benefits in selection for weight and
composition of lamb cuts predicted by computer
tomography. Livest. Prod. Sci. 90: 123-133.
Kvame, T., Vangen, O., 2006. In-vivo composition of
carcass regions in lambs of two genetic lines, and
selection of CT positions for estimation of each
region. Small Ruminant Res. 66: 201-208.
Kvame, T., Vangen, O., 2007. Selection for lean weight
based on ultrasound and CT in a meat line of sheep.
Livest. Sci.106: 232-242.
Lambe, N.R., McLean, K.A., Macfarlane, J.M.,
Johnson, P.L., Jopson, N.B., Haresign, W.,
Richardson, R.I., Bünger, L., 2010. Predicting
intramuscular fat content of lamb loin fillets using
CT scanning. Proceedings of the Farm Animal
Imaging Congress, Rennes, France, 2010.
Lambe, N.R., Navajas, E.A., McLean, K.A., Simm, G.,
Bünger, L., 2007. Changes in carcass traits during
growth in lambs of two contrasting breeds, measured
using computer tomography. Livest. Sci. 107: 37-52.
Macfarlane, J.M., Lambe, N.R, Bishop, S.C., Matika,
O., Rius-Vilarrasa, E., McLean, K.A., Haresign, W.,
Wolf, B.T., McLaren, R.J., Bünger, L., 2009. Effects
of the Texel muscling quantitative trait locus on
carcass traits in crossbred lambs. Animal. 3 (2):
189-199.
Macfarlane, J.M., Lewis, R.M., Emmans, G.C., Young,
M.J., Simm, G., 2006. Predicting carcass
composition of terminal sire sheep using X-ray
computed tomography. Anim. Sci. 82 (3): 289-300.
Macfarlane, J.M., Lewis, R.M., Emmans, G.C., Young,
M.J., Simm, G., 2009. Predicting tissue distribution
and partitioning in terminal sire sheep using x-ray
computed tomography. J. Anim. Sci. 87: 107-118.
Mann, A.D., Young, M.J., Glasbey, C.A., McLean,
K.A., 2008. STAR: Sheep Tomogram Analysis
Routines (V.4.8). BioSS software documentation,
University of Edinburgh.
KSÜ Doğa Bil. Derg., 16(3), 2013
KSU J. Nat. Sci., 16(3), 2013
31 Araştırma Makalesi
Research Article
Mantis, P., Baines, E., 2007. Computed tomography:
Why use it in small animal practice? Vet. J. 173(2):
237-238.
Maximini, L., Brown, D.J., Baumung, R., Fuerst-Waltl,
B., 2012. Genetic parameters of ultrasound and
computer tomography scan traits in Austrian meat
sheep. Livest. Sci. 146, 168-174.
Muller, T., Molnar, T., Szabo, A., Yamaha, E., Jarasi,
E.Z., Bercsenyi, M., Specziar, A., Urbanyi, B.,
Romvari, R., 2012. In Vivo Tracking of Maturation
in Male European Eel, Anguilla Anguilla (L.), By
Computed Tomography. Acta. Biol. Hung. 63(2):
180-188, 2012.
Narsaiah, K., Shyam, N., 2012. Nondestructive methods
for quality evaluation of livestock products. Food
Sci. Technol. 49 (3): 342-348.
Navajas, E.A., Glasbey, C.A., McLean, K.A., Fisher,
A.V., Charteris, A.J.L., Lambe, N.R, Bünger L,
Simm, G., 2006. In vivo measurements of muscle
volume by automatic image analysis of spiral
computed tomography scans. Anim Sci. 82: 545-
553.
Navajas, E.A., Lambe, N.R., McLean, K.A., Glasbey,
C.A., Fisher, A.V., Charteris, A.J.L., Bünger, L.,
Simm, G., 2007. Accuracy of in vivo muscularity
indices measured by computed tomography and their
association with carcass quality in lambs. Meat Sci.
75, 533-542.
Navajas, E.A., Richardson, R.I., Fisher, A.V., Hyslop,
J.J., Ross, D.W., Prieto, N., Simm, G., Roehe, R.,
2010. Predicting beef carcass composition using
tissue weights of a primal cut assessed by computed
tomography. Animal. 4 (11): 1810-1817.
Ohlerth, S., Scharf, G., 2007. Computed tomography in
small animals – Basic principles and state of the art
applications. Vet. J.173 (2): 254-271.
Orman A., Çalışkan G. Ü., Dikmen S., Üstüner H.,
Oğan M., Çalışkan Ç.2008. The assessment of
carcass composition of Awassi male lambs by realtime
ultrasound at two different live weights. Meat
Sci. 80:1031–1036.
Orman, A., Caliskan, G.U., Dikmen, S. 2010. The
assessment of carcass traits of Awassi lambs by realtime
ultrasound at different body weights and sexes.
J Anim Sci. 88 (10): 3428-3438.
Prieto, N., Navajas, E.A., Richardson, R.I, Ross, D.W.,
Hyslop, J.J., Simm, G., Roehe, R., 2010. Predicting
beef cuts composition, fatty acids and meat quality
characteristics by spiral computed tomography.
Meat Sci. 86(3): 770-779.
Reidel, A., Romagosa, E., Feiden, A., Boscolo, W.R.,
Coldebella, A., Signor, A.A., 2010. Catfish (jundia)
body yield and chemical composition fed different
protein and energy level in the diet, reared in nettanks,
Rev. Bras. Zootecn. 39(2): 233-240.
Ribeiro, F.R.B., Tedeschi, P.A.S.L.O., Rhoades,
P.A.S.R.D., Smith, S.B., Martin, S.E., Crouse, S.F.,
2011. Evaluating the application of dual X-ray
energy absorptiometry to assess dissectible and
chemical fat and muscle from the 9th-to-11th rib
section of beef cattle. ARPAS. 27: 472-476.
Rius-Vilarrasa, E., Bünger, L., Brotherstone, S.,
Macfarlane, J.M., Lambe, N.R., Matthews, K.R.,
Haresign, W., Roehe, R., 2010. Genetic parameters
for carcass dimensional measurements from Video
Image Analysis and their association with
conformation and fat class scores. Livest. Sci.128:
92-100.
Rivero, M.A., Ramirez, J.A., Vazquez, J.M., Gil, F.,
Ramirez, G., Arencibia, A., 2005. Normal
anatomical imaging of the thorax in three dogs:
computed tomography and macroscopic cross
sections with vascular injection. Anat. Histol.
Embryol. 34: 215-219.
Sabuncuoğlu, N., 2007. Kesim Hayvanlarında Ultrason
Kullanımı. Atatürk Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Derg.38 (1):
189-194.
Sahin, E.H., Yardimci, M., Cetingul, I.S., Bayram, I.,
Sengor, E., 2008. The use of ultrasound to predict
the carcass composition of live Akkaraman lambs.
Meat Sci. 79(4):716-21. doi:
10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.11.003. Epub 2007 Nov 22.
Shastak, Y., Witzig, M., Hartung, K., Bessei, W., 2012.
Rodehutscord M: Comparison and evaluation of
bone measurements for the assessment of mineral
phosphorus sources in broilers. Poultry Sci. 91:
2210-2220.
Simm, G., 1998. Genetic improvement of cattle and
sheep. Farming Press Books, pp. 448.
Simm, G., Dingwall, W.S., 1989. Selection Indexes for
Lean Meat Production in Sheep. Livest. Prod. Sci.
21: 223-233.
Şireli, H.D., Koncagül, S., Tutkun, M., 2012. Canlı
Kuzularda Karkas Özelliklerinin Tahmin
Yöntemleri. MKU Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 17 (1):
13-22.
Stanford, K., Jones, S.D.M., Price, MA., 1998. Methods
of predicting lamb carcass composition: A review.
Small Ruminant Res. 29: 241-254.
Szabo, Cs., Babinszky, L.,Verstegen, M.W.A., Vangen,
O., Jansman, A.J.M., Kanis, E., 1999. The
application of digital imaging techniques in the in
vivo estimation of the body composition of pigs: a
review. Livest. Prod. Sci. 60: 1-11.
Szendro, Z., Metzger, S., Nagy, I., Szabo, A., Petrasi,
Z., Donko, T., Horn, P., 2012. Effect of divergent
selection for the computer tomography measured
thigh muscle volume on productive and carcass traits
of growing rabbits. Livest. Sci.149 (1-2): 167-172.
Wegener, O.H., 1993. Whole body computed
tomography. Ed. 2, Blackwell Scientific
Publications, Boston. Pp.701.
Yardımcı M., Özbeyaz, C., 1999. Canlı hayvanlarda
karkas değerlendirmede ultrason kullanımı. Lalahan
Hay. Arast. Enst. Derg. 39 (2):69-82.

Thank you for copying data from http://www.arastirmax.com