You are here

An Empirical Remark about Middle Income Trap Problem for Turkey

Journal Name:

Publication Year:

Abstract (2. Language): 
This study has been performed to indicate the causality relationship between the middle income trap and the factors which are considered to be reasons for this trap in Turkey. It is expected that revealing this relationship in an empirical way will contribute scientifically to this new concept. Starting from this point of view, the relationship between middle income trap, high technology export and public spending on education has been researched. It is thought that these factors are necessary indicators for Turkey to overcome the trap even though it has been a country of upper middle income group. Time serial analysis made for the years 1983-2013 suggests that Turkey can overcome the middle-income trap if it attaches enough importance for public spending on education.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Bu çalışma, orta gelir tuzağı ve Türkiye’de bu tuzağa sebep olduğu düşünülen faktörler arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisini ortaya koyabilmek amacıyla oluşturulmuştur. Ampirik yoldan bu ilişkinin ortaya çıkartılmasının, bu yeni kavrama bilimsel katkıda bulunacağı ümit edilmektedir. Bundan hareketle, orta gelir tuzağı ile “yüksek teknoloji ihracatı” ve “eğitim için kamu harcamaları” arasındaki ilişki araştırılmıştır. Bu faktörlerin, üst orta gelir grubunda bir ülke olmasına rağmen uzun yıllardır Türkiye’nin içine düştüğü bu tuzaktan çıkması için gerekli belirleyiciler olduğu düşünülmüştür. 1983-2013 dönemi için yapılan zaman serisi analizleri Türkiye’nin, eğitim alanında kamu harcamalarına gerekli önemi verirse, orta gelir tuzağından çıkmasına yardımcı olacağını göstermektedir.
85
95

JEL Codes:

REFERENCES

References: 

Akaike, H. (1969), “Fitting Autoregressive Models for Prediction”, Annals
of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, 21 (1), p. 243-247.
Cai, F. (2012), “Is There a ‘Middle‐income Trap’? Theories, Experiences
and Relevance to China”, China & World Economy, 20 (1), p. 49-61.
An Empirical Remark About Middle Income Trap Problem for Turkey
94 Research Journal of Politics, Economics and Management, 2016, Year:4, Volume:4, Issue:3
Dabus, C., Tohme, F., & Caraballo, M. A. (2016), “A middle income trap in
a small open economy: Modeling the Argentinean case”, Economic
Modelling, 53, 436-444.
Eğilmez, M.(2014), Orta Gelir Tuzağından Nasıl Çıkılır?,
http://www.cnbce.com/yorum-ve-analiz/dr-mahfi-egilmez/orta-gelirtuzagindan-
nasil-cikilir, 15.01.2015
Eichengreen, B. , Park, D., & Shin, K. (2013), “ Growth Slowdowns
Redux: New Evidence on the Middle-income Trap”, Nber Working
Paper Series, 18673, National Bureau of Economic Research.
Engle, R.F. & Granger, C.W.J. (1987), “Co-integration and Error
Correction: Representation, Estimation, and Testing”, Econometrica,
55 (2), p.251-276.
Felipe, J., Abdon, A. & Kumar, U. (2012), “Tracking the middle-income
trap: What is it, who is in it, and why?”, Levy Economics Institute,
Working Paper, 715 .
Flechtner, S. & Panther, S. (2013), “Towards a Political Economy of the
Middle-income Trap”, EAEPE Annual Conference in Paris.
Gill, I. & Kharas, H. (2007), “An East Asian Renaissance: Ideas for
Economic Growth”, World Bank Publications.
Granger, C.W.J. (1969), “Investigating Causal Relation by Econometric and
Cross-sectional Methods”, Econometrica, 37(3), p. 424-438.
Hsiao, C. (1981), “Autoregressive Modeling and Money Income Causality
Detection”, Journal of Monetary Economics, 7(1), p. 85-106.
Kanchoochat, V., Intarakumnerd, P. (2014), “Tigers Trapped: Tracing the
Middle-income Trap through the East and Southeast Asian
Experience”, Berlin Working Papers on Money, Finance, Trade and
Development, No. 04.
Phillips, P.C.B. & Perron, P. (1988),“Testing for a Unit Root in Time
Series Regression”, Biometrika, 75(2), p. 335-346.
Sjö, B. (2008), Testing for unit roots and cointegration,
https://www.iei.liu.se/nek/risk-teori-7-5h730a07/labbar/1.233753/
dfdistab7b.pdf.(accessed: 20 March 2015).
Staehr, K. (2015), “Economic growth and convergence in the Baltic States:
Caught in a middle-income trap?” Intereconomics, 50 (5), 274-280.
World Bank (2015), http://data.worldbank.org/about/country-and-lendinggroups,
17.02.2015
A. A. ADA ve H. ACAROĞLU
95 Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi,2016, yıl: 4, cilt: 4, sayı: 3
Xon, J.G.D., Hoong, L.Y., Ting, L.T., Chin, T.K. & Kuan, W.L.
(2013),“Middle-income Trap: From the Perspective of Economic
Growth”, University Tunku Abdul Rahman.
Yang, H.Y. (2000),” A Note on the Causal Relationship Between Energy
and GDP in Taiwan”, Energy Economics, (22), p. 309-317.
Yılmaz, G. (2014), “Turkish Middle Income Trap and Less Skilled Human
Capital” , Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey, Working Paper,
No. 14/30.

Thank you for copying data from http://www.arastirmax.com