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Colymbetes fuscus (Linnaeus, 1758)’ un (Dytiscidae: Coleoptera) eşeysel dimorfizmi üzerine SEM, XRD ve PRC Çalışmaları

SEM, XRD and PCR studies on sexual dimorphism of Colymbetes fuscus (L., 1758), (Dytiscidae: Coleoptera)

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Abstract (2. Language): 
Colymbetes fuscus (Linnaeus, 1758); is member of Genus Colymbetes Clairville, 1806. Colymbetes; is a small genus represented by 15 species in Palearctic region and only by two species in Turkey. They range in total body length from 11 to 20 mm. Family Dytiscidae that include Colymbetes is represented by 143 genera and approximately 4,300 species, which are distributed around the world. In the Palearctic region, it is represented by 15 tribes, 42 genera, and approximately 1100 species. This family is represented by 27 genera and 141 species in our country. They are generally adapted to all aquatic habitats, and can be found in deep pits, tree cavities, hot springs, bitter waters, alkaline waters, forest lakes, swamps, dirty puddles, wheel tracks filled with water and artesian wells. They are good swimmers due to their flattened bodies. Adults and larvae are located in the same environments. In this study, some differences between male and female specimens of Colymbetes fuscus (Linnaeus, 1758) were illustrated. Male and female Pattern shapes, crystalline sizes of outer surface of wings and DNA molecular weights were compared by using X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Specimens of Colymbetes fuscus were collected from the puddles of Eğil Brook (38˚24’38N, 40˚08’05E, 20.X.2013, 10 Ex.) that was about to dried, by using a net with a mesh size of 0.5 mm, from Eğil, district of Diyarbakır Province of Southeastern Anatolian Region of Turkey. Beetles were killed with 70% ethanol at spot. Coarse particles of beetles were cleaned with a small paintbrush also minor particles were cleaned with portable ultrasonic cleaner. Male specimens were slightly larger [17.05 mm (16.73 - 17.48) n=5] than female ones [16.67 mm (16.36 - 17.25) n=5]. Males were also slightly lighter brownish according to females. According to the SEM images; fly wings patterns of males Colymbetes fuscus look like regular hexagonal and uniform distribution of patterns could be seen. Dimensions of male hexagons were approximately at the same size. In female; beside the hexagonal patterns, pentagonal and heptagonal patterns could be seen. The irregularity of female wings patterns could be seen at first glance. XRD peak of male and female samples; In both samples have two distinct peaks and their appearance is very similar but some values obtained are different. In both samples, the crystal size of the first peak is greater than the crystal size of second peak. Average 2theta values of female and male are 9.293 and 19.62. This shows us that crystal sizes are shrinking. Representations of the RAPD-PCR profiles produced for male and female Colymbetes fuscus; From two random primers a total of 31 bands were defined. The similarity coefficients (SC) between male and female individuals, upon pair wise were 66% for 5’- GAA TGC GAC G primer and 75% for 5’ - ACC GGG AAC G primer.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Colymbetes fuscus (Linnaeus, 1758), yırtıcı dalgıç böceklerine (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) ait Colymbetes cinsinin bir türüdür. Sucul ortamlarda yaşayan ve genellikle bütün sucul habitatlara adapte olmuş yırtıcı dalgıç böcekleri akıntıya uyum sağlayan basık vücut yapılarından dolayı iyi yüzücüdürler. Dytiscidae familyası ülkemizde 27 cinse ait 141 tür ile temsil edilirken, çalışmamıza konu olan Colymbetes cinsi ise ülkemizde sadece iki tür ile temsil edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Colymbetes fuscus örnekleri (5 dişi, 5 erkek) Diyarbakır ili Eğil ilçesi sınırları içerisinde yer alan Eğil deresinden toplandı. Çalışmamızda erkek ve dişi bireyleri arasındaki bazı farklılıklar gösterilmeye çalışıldı. Bu amaçla; X- Işınları difraktometresi (XRD), Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM) ve Polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR) yardımı ile erkek ve dişi bireylerin kanat desenleri, elitralarındaki (dış kanat) kitinin kristal yapıları ve DNAlarının moleküler ağırlıkları karşılaştırıldı. Yapılan analizler sonucunda; erkek bireylerin kanat desenleri dişi bireylere göre daha muntazam olduğu ve eşkenar altıgen desenler göze çarparken, dişi bireylerde kanat desenlenmelerinin polimorf yapıda olduğu ve altıgen desenlenmelerine ek olarak beşgen ve yedigen desenlenmelerin de olduğu gözlendi. Kanatlarda yüzeyden derinlere inildikçe kitin kristallerinin boyutlarında küçülme ve mikrofibriller arası mesafede azalma tespit edildi. Kitin kristal yapılarının erkek bireylerde dişilere göre biraz daha düzenli olduğu gözlendi. Ayrıca moleküler düzeyde eşeysel dimorfizmi belirlemek amacı ile dişi ve erkek bireylerin kas dokusundan izole edilen DNA molekül ağırlıkları incelendi. Bu amaçla iki farklı rastgele primer kullanıldı. Çalışmamızda erkek ve dişiler arasındaki benzerlik katsayısı kullanılan primerlere göre %66 ve %75 olarak belirlendi.
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