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ETKİ ODAKLI HAREKÂT KONSEPTİNİN TARİHİ GELİSİMİ, KAVRAMSAL ÇERÇEVESİ VE TÜRK SİLAHLI KUVVETLERİNDEKİ YERİ

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Abstract (2. Language): 
Different approaches for the ways of war fighting and defeating the enemy were established from the time of Sun Tzu till today. These approaches, together with backing up by the current technological opportunities, have influenced the war battles. In the recent years, military forces have entered a new era in warfare —an era in which warfare is affected by a changing strategic environment and technological development Nowadays there is a transition from the Industrial Age to the Information Age. In addition to that, with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, our security environment has undergone profound transformation. Due to these transformations, a multinational effort for developing the concept of Effects-Based Operation, which is an approach for supporting the military forces with the national power factors and creating a maximum effect in the operations as opposed to minimum casualties, has been needed. Effects-based operation (EBO), described as: "Sets of actions directed at shaping the behavior of friends, neutrals, and foes in peace, crisis, and war", is not a new approach. Throughout history, decision makers have sought to create conditions that would achieve their objectives and policy goals. Military commanders and planners have attempted to plan and execute campaigns to create these conditions—an approach that would be considered "effects-based" in today's terminology. EBO in the 21st century is a methodology for planning, executing, and assessing military operations designed to attain specific effects that achieve desired national security outcomes. For the concept, which was tried to improve by the Multinational Interoperability Council (MIC), established in 1999, there have been four operations executed till today. Turkish Armed Forces, which follows the developments very closely, took part in the last operation and gave a start to its efforts to be a member of MIC for the coming periods.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Sun Tzu'dan günümüze kadar, harp etme sanatı üzerine ve düsmanın nasıl mağlup edileceğine yönelik olarak farklı yaklasımlar ortaya koyulmustur. Bu yaklasımlar, mevcut teknolojik imkanlarla da desteklenerek harp ortamını etkilemislerdir. Son yıllarda silahlı kuvvetler, değisen stratejik ortam ve hızlı teknolojik ilerlemelerin de etkisiyle yeni bir harp dönemine girmistir. Günümüzde, Endüstri Çağı'ndan Bilgi Çağı'na doğru bir geçis süreci yasanmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği (SSCB)'nin dağılması ve Soğuk Savas’ın sona ermesiyle güvenlik algılamalarında ciddi değisim yasanmıstır. Bu değisimlerden dolayı, silahlı kuvvetlerin diğer milli güç unsurlarıyla desteklenmesini ve harekâtlarda minimum insan kaybına karsılık maksimum etki yaratılmasını sağlayacak bir yaklasım olan Etki Odaklı Harekât (EOH) Konseptinin, çok uluslu bir çabayla gelistirilmesine ihtiyaç duyulmustur. Dost, düsman ve tarafsızların davranıslarını değistirmeye yönelik, barıs, kriz ve savasta uygulanan bir dizi eylem olarak da tanımlanabilen Etki Odaklı Harekât, yeni bir yaklasım tarzı değildir. Geçmiste birçok komutan ve planlamacılar, harekâtları etki odaklı yaklasımlarla planlamıs ve uygulamıslardır. 21'inci yüzyılda EOH, harbin siyasî hedefine ulasılmasını sağlamada belirli etkilerin yaratılması için uygulanan planlama, icra ve değerlendirme metodolojisi olarak kullanılmaktadır. 1999 yılında kurulan Çok Uluslu Karsılıklı Çalısabilirlik Konseyi (Multinational Interoperability Council-MIC) tarafından gelistirilmeye çalısılan konsept için günümüze kadar dört tatbikat icra edilmistir. Gelismeleri yakından takip eden Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri son tatbikatta görev almıs ve önümüzdeki dönemlerde Çok Uluslu Karsılıklı Çalısabilirlik Konseyi'ne üye olmaya yönelik girisimlere baslamıstır.
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