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La inclusión del alumnado con necesidades educativas especiales en Comunidades de Aprendizaje

The inclusion of students with special educational needs in Learning Communities

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DOI: 
http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/ic.642
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Abstract (2. Language): 
Purpose: To analyze learning communities as an educational project which promotes the inclusion of students with special educational needs based on the school global approach, its organization and principles. Design/methodology: We collected and analyzed evidences provided by different participants in learning communities that have students with special needs among their student body. Both data collection and analysis were based on the communicative methodology of research, which has as main aim to identify the transformative components of social and educational realities that contribute to overcome situations of exclusion. Findings: Results show that learning communities promote the inclusion of students with disabilities in terms of participation in shared activities, acceptance within the group and increase of learning opportunities. When these students are not separated based on their abilities and the existing resources, both within and outside the school, are reorganized in order to educate all students in heterogeneous groups, high learning expectations are promoted and these students can benefit from the aforementioned results. Originality/value: Learning communities are a project for schools transformation which entails a better use of the multiple and diverse human resources already available in the community, in order to maximize learning opportunities for all students, which in turn benefits students with special needs. In this way, these schools overcome approaches to diversity management mainly based on individualized supports, in order to respond to diversity of needs based on the global transformation of the school.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Objeto: Analizar las comunidades de aprendizaje como proyecto educativo que favorece la inclusión del alumnado con necesidades educativas especiales desde el planteamiento global de la escuela, su organización y principios. Diseño/metodología/enfoque: Se han recogido y analizado las evidencias aportadas en entrevistas por diferentes participantes en comunidades de aprendizaje que acogen alumnado con necesidades educativas especiales. Tanto la recogida como el análisis de datos se han basado en la metodología comunicativa de investigación, cuyo objetivo principal es identificar los elementos transformadores de las realidades sociales y educativas que contribuyen a superar situaciones de exclusión. Aportaciones y resultados: Los resultados muestran que las comunidades de aprendizaje favorecen la inclusión del alumnado con discapacidad en términos de participación en tareas compartidas, aceptación dentro del grupo y aumento de las oportunidades de aprendizaje. La no separación de este alumnado en base a sus dificultades y la reorganización de los recursos existentes, dentro y fuera de la escuela, para atender a todo el alumnado en agrupaciones heterogéneas permite aumentar las expectativas que se ponen en su aprendizaje y beneficiarse de los resultados mencionados.Originalidad / Valor añadido: Las comunidades de aprendizaje son un proyecto de transformación de los centros educativos que implica el aprovechamiento de los múltiples y diversos recursos humanos ya disponibles en la comunidad para la maximización de las oportunidades de aprendizaje de todo el alumnado, lo que revierte también positivamente en el alumnado con necesidades educativas especiales. De esta manera, estas escuelas superan aproximaciones de atención a la diversidad basadas principalmente en el añadido de apoyos individualizados, para dar respuesta a la diversidad de necesidades desde la transformación global de la escuela.
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