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PARANIN DEĞERSİZLİĞİNE DAYANAN TEFECİLİK YASAĞINA KARŞI KAZANÇTAN AYRILAN PAY OLARAK FAİZİN YASALLIĞI

THE LEGALITY OF INTEREST AS PAYING THE PORTION OF GAIN AND AGAINST TO THE USURY THAT DEPENDED ON THE UNFRUITFUL OF MONEY

Journal Name:

  • Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi

Publication Year:

  • 2012

Key Words:

Keywords (Original Language):

Author NameUniversity of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
Martin Luther asserted that usury is wrong because all the risks fall on the borrower, the creditor makes his profit without danger and he earns income without incurring the usual risks due to changing conditions and misfortune. For this reason Luther attacks very unfairness without reckless way in which land was mortgaged and money was collected by indulgences. He insisted that all Germany is being exhausted by usury, notably exploited by borrowing in the form of the annuities. Jean Calvin thought that only productive credit for business purposes is allowed, because this is not usury borrowing. Because he admitted that the debtor could be gain just as much from the money as the creditor. But from poor men no interest is to be taken. At the beginning of modern times, the secular powers were decided to the interest rate according to money’s market price which determined by supply and demand. The maximum rate of interest was reduced from 10 percent to 8 percent and to 5 percent later.
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Abstract (Original Language): 
Martin Luther, borçlanan kişi bütün riski üstlendiği, alacaklı hiç bir tehlikeye girmeksizin kazanç sağladığı, değişen koşullar ve talihsizlik alışılmış riskleri üstlenmeksizin gelir elde ettiği için; tefeciliğin yanlış olduğunu beyan etmiştir. Bu nedenle Luther, pervasız bir şekilde arazinin ipotek altına alınmasına ve günah affı belgeleriyle paranın toplanmasına, çok acımasız bir tarzda saldırmıştır. Almanya’nın tefecilik yoluyla tüketildiğinde, özellikle de annuity (ana para karşılı düzenli aylık faiz) tarzındaki tefecilikle sömürüldüğünde ısrar etmiştir. Jean Calvin ise, bir tefecilik borçlanması olmaması nedeniyle, yalnızca işte kullanma niyetleriyle alınan üretken borçlara izin verilmesi gerektiğini düşünmüştür. Zira, borçlunun alacaklıya kıyasla daha fazla kazanabileceğini kabul etmiştir. Ancak, fakirden kesinlikle bir faiz alınmamalıdır. Modern çağların başlangıcında, dünyevi iktidarlar paranın arz ile talebine göre belirlenen piyasa fiyatına uygun olarak faiz oranına karar vermişlerdir. Maksimum faiz oranı, daha sonra yüzde sekizden yüzde beşe düşmüştür.
FULL TEXT (PDF): 
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  • 3
215-248
  • Turkish

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