You are here

KIRSAL KESİMDE ve KENTTE YAŞAYAN ERGENLERİN BENLİK KURGULARI AÇISINDAN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

COMPARISON of ADOLESCENTS in URBAN and RURAL AREAS IN TERMS of SELF-CONSTRUALS

Journal Name:

Publication Year:

Author NameUniversity of AuthorFaculty of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
In this study autonomous-seperate self, heteronomous-related self and autonomous-related self-construal was examined in terms of living in rural and urban areas and gender among adolescents. The research group consisted of 352 students, 74% (261) of whom from the urban high schools and 26% (91) from rural area. Adolescents were 14 to 18 years of age (M=16.26, SD=1.06). The participants responded to the items of personel information sheet and “Autonomous-related Self-in Family Scales”. Results showed that while adolescents’ heteronomous-relational self-construal did not vary with their rural or urban backgrounds, autonomous-seperate and autonomous-relational self-construal was fond to be higher among adolescents from urban areas. Results also indicated that autonomous self-construal scores did not vary with the gender of adolescents, but heteronomous-relational and autonomous-relational self-construal scores of girls higher than males. Findings were discussed in the contex of self-construal development and culture.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Bu çalışmada özerk-ayrık, bağımlı-ilişkisel ve özerk-ilişkisel benlik kurgusunun ergenlerin yaşadıkları yere ve cinsiyete göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığı incelenmiştir. Araştırmaya % 74’ü (261) kentteki liselerden ve % 26’sı (91) kırsal bölgeden olmak üzere 352 öğrenci katılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin 205’ ini (% 58) kız, 147’sini (% 42) erkek öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Araştırma gurubundaki ergenlerin yaş ortalaması 16.28 (SS=1.10) ve yaş aralığı 14-19’dur. Bu öğrenciler demografik bilgi formunu ve “Ailede Özerk-ilişkisel Benlik Ölçekleri” ni doldurmuşlardır. Sonuçlar ergenlerin bağımlı-ilişkisel benlik kurgularının kırsal kesimde ya da kentte yaşamaya göre farklılık göstermediğini, ancak kentte yaşayan ergenlerin özerk-ayrık ve özerk-ilişkisel benlik kurgusu puan ortalamalarının daha yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir. Sonuçlardan ergenlerin özerk-ayrık benlik kurgusu puan ortalamaları cinsiyet açısından farklılık göstermezken, kızların bağımlı-ilişkisel ve özerk-ilişkisel benlik kurgusu puan ortalamalarının erkek ergenlerin ortalamalarında daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuçlar benlik kurgusu gelişimi ve kültür bağlamında tartışılmıştır.
81-96

REFERENCES

References: 

1. Singelis, T. M. (1994). The measurement of interdependent and independent selfconstrual.
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 580–591.
2. Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition,
emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224–253.
3. Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism and Collectivism. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.
4. Sampson, E. E. (2000). Reinterpreting individualism and collectivism. American Psychologist,
55, 1425–1432.
5. Singelis, T.M., Bond, M.H., Sharkey, W.F., & Lai, C. (1999). Unpacking culture’s influence
on self-esteem and embarrassability. Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology, 30(3),
315–341.
6. Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2005). Autonomy and relatedness ın cultural context Implications for self
and family. Journal Of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 36, 4, 403-422. 7. Assor, A., Kaplan, H., & Roth, G. (2002). Choice is good but relevance is excellent: Autonomy
affecting teacher behaviors that predict students’ engagement in learning. British
Journal of Educational Psychology, 72, 261-278.
8. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic
motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68–78.
9. Baumeister, R., & Leary, M. R. (1995). ................................................The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments
as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497-529.
10. Kitayama, S., Markus, H.R., Matsumoto, H., & Norasakkunkit, V. (1997). Individual and
collective processes in the construction of the self: Self-enhancement in the United States
and self-criticism in Japan. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 1245-1267.
11. Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s consequences: comparing values, behaviors, institutions,
and organizations across nations. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage.
12. İmamoğlu, E. O., Küller, R., İmamoğlu, V., & Küller, M. (1993). The social psychological
worlds of Swedes and Turks in and around retirement. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,
24, 26–41.
13. İmamoğlu, E. O. (2002). Doğu-Batı kavşağında benlik: Dengeli Ayrışma-Bütünleşme Modeli.
12. Psikoloji Kongresinde Sunulan Bildiri, Ankara, Türkiye.
14. Karadayı, F. (1998). İliskili özerklik: Kavramı, ölçülmesi, gelişimi ve toplumsal önemi,
gençlere ve kültüre özgü değerlendirmeler. Adana: Çukurova Üniversitesi Basimevi.
15. Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (1996). Özerk-ilişkisel benlik: Yeni bir sentez. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 11,
36-44.
16. Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2000). Kültürel psikoloji: Kültür bağlamında insan ve aile. İstanbul: Evrim
Yayınevi.
17. Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2007). Family, Self, and Human Development Across Cultures, Theory
and Applications (2nd ed.). London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
18. Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (1982). Old-age security value of children: Cross-national socio-economic
evidence. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 13, 29-42.
19. Arnett, J. (1992). Socialization and Adolescent Reckless Behavior: A Reply to Jessor. Developmental
Review, 12, 391-409.
20. Ekşi, A. (1990). Çocuk, Genç, Anababalar. İstanbul: Bilgi Yayınevi.
21. Göregenli, M. (1997). Individualist and collectivist tendencies in a Turkish sample. Journal
of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 28, 787-793.
22. Mascolo, F.M., Misra, G. & Raisardi, C. (2004). Individual and relational conceptions of
Self in India and the United States. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development,
104, 9-26.
23. Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç., & Ataca, B. (2005). Value of children and family change: A three-decade
portrait of from Turkey. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 54(3), 317-137.
24. Imamoğlu, E. O. (1987). An interdependence model of human development. In Ç. Kağıtçıbaşı
(Ed.), Growth and progress in cross-cultural psychology (pp. 138–145). Lisse, The
Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger.
25. Cross, S. E., & Madson, L. (1997). Models of the self: Self-construal theory and gender.
Psychological Bulletin, 122, 5-37. 26. Bumpus, M. F., Crouter, A. C., & McHale, S. M. (2001). Parental autonomy granting during
adolescence: exploring gender differences in context. Developmental Psychology,
37(2), 163-173.
27. Byers,W., & Goossens, L. (1999). Emotional autonomy, psychosocial adjustment, and
parenting: Interactions, moderating, and mediating effects. Journal of Adolescence, 22,
753–769.
28. Fuligni, A. (1998). Authority, autonomy, and parent-adolescent conflict and cohesion: A
study of adolescents from Mexican, Chinese, Filipino, and European backgrounds. Developmental
Psychology, 34, 782-792.
29. Feldman, S. S., & Rosenthal, D. A. (1991). Age expectations of behavioral autonomy in
Hong Kong, Australian and American youth: The influence of family variables and adolescents’
values. International Journal of Psychology, 26, 1–23.
30. Valentine, G., (1997). A safe place to grow up? Parenting perceptions of children’s safety
and the rural idyll. Journal of Rural Studies, 13 (2), 137–148.
31. Matthews, H., Taylor, M., Sherwood, K., Tucker, F., & Limb, M., (2000). Growing-up in
the countryside:children and the rural idyll. Journal of Rural Studies, 16 (2), 141–153.
32. Glendinning A., Nuttall M., Hendry L.,, Kloep, M. & Wood S. (2003). Rural communities
and well-being: a good place to grow up?. The Sociological Review, 129-156.
33. Karasar, N. (2004). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dagıtım.
34. Fraenkel, J. R. & Wallen, N. E. (1993). How to design and evaluate research in education.
New York: Mcgraw-Hill.
35. Özdemir, Y. & Çok, F. (2011). “Ailede Özerk-İlişkisel Benlik Ölçeklerinin” lise öğrencileri
için uyarlanması ve psikometrik özellikleri. İlköğretim Online, 10(1), 121-132.
36. Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (1984). Socialization in traditional society: A challenge to psychology. International
Journal of Psychology, 19, 145-157.
37. Çileli, M. (2000). Change in value orientations of Turkish youth from 1989 to 1995. The
Journal of Psychology, 134, 297-305.
38. Göregenli, M. (1995). Kültürümüz açısından bireycilik-toplulukçuluk eğilimleri: Bir başlangıç
çalışması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 10, 1-14.
39. Karakitapoğlu-Aygün, Z. (2002). Self-construals, perceived parenting styles and wellbeing
in different cultural and socio-economic contexts. Unpublished doctoral dissertation.
Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
40. Karakitapoğlu-Aygün, Z., & İmamoğlu, E. O. (2002). Value domains of Turkish adults
and university students. The Journal of Social Psychology, 142, 333-351.
41. İmamoğlu, E. O., & Karakitapoğlu-Aygun, Z. (1999). 1970’lerden 1990’1ara değerler:
Üniversite düzeyinde gözlenen zaman, kuşak ve cinsiyet farklılıkları. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi,
14(44), 1-22.
42. Çelen, N., Çok, F., Bosma, H. A., & Zijsling, D. H. (2006). Perceptions of decisional autonomy
of Turkish adolescents and their parents. Paideia, 16(35),349-364).
43. Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice: Psychological theory and women’s development.
Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
44. Rastogi, M., & Wampler, K. S. (1999). Adult daughters’ perceptions of the mother daughter relationship: A cross-cultural comparison. Family Relations, 48, 327-336
45. Karakitapoğlu-Aygün, Z. (2004). Self, Identity, and Emotional Weil-Being Among Turkish
University Students. The Journal of Psychology, 138(5) 457-478.
46. Singelis, T. M., Triandis, H.C., Bhawuk, D. P. S., & Gelfand, M. J. (1995). Horizontal and
vertical dimensions of individualism and collectivism: A theoretical and measurement refinement.
Cross-Cultural Research, 29(3), 240-275.
47. Kashima, Y., Yamaguchi, S., Kim, U., Choi, S. C., Gelfand, J. H., & Yuki, M. (1995). Culture,
gender, and self: Aperspective from individualism-collectivism research. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 925-937.
48. Kashima, E. S., & Hardie, E. A. (2000). The development and validation of the Relational,
Individual and Collective Self-Aspects (RIC) Scale. Asian Journal of Social Psychology,
3, 19-48.
49. Li, H. Z. (2002). Culture, gender and self-close-other(s) connectedness in Canadian and
Chinese samples. European Journal of Social Psychology, 32, 93-104.
50. Lam, B. T. (2006). Self-construal and socio-emotional development among Vietnamese-
American adolescents: An examination of different types of self-construal. International
Journal of Behavioral Development, 30(1), 67–75.

Thank you for copying data from http://www.arastirmax.com