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Denizel Fitoplanktonun Ekolojik Önemi ve Küresel İklim Değişikliğindeki Rolü

Importance of Marine Phytoplankton in Ecology and Their Role in the Global Climate Change

Journal Name:

  • Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi

Publication Year:

  • 2009

Key Words:

Keywords (Original Language):

Author NameUniversity of AuthorFaculty of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
The aim of this study is to investigate ecological importance of plant plankton (phytoplankton) and their role in the climate change. Carbon production by phytoplankton, which is at the base of the marine food chain, constitutes half of the global primary production. Phytoplankton produces half of the oxygen in the earth as well. These single celled organisms also play a role in the global climate change. It was suggested that phytoplankton might mitigate global warming with two different mechanisms. In the first one, phytoplankton absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and converts it into organic carbon and with dead organisms carbon is transported to the sea bottom. Thus, atmospheric carbon dioxide and greenhouse effect is reduced. Second mechanism is realized with the dimethylsulfide gas released from some widespread phytoplankton groups in the oceans. This gas is oxidized into sulphate aerosols in the atmosphere and functions as cloud condensation nuclei. Since the formation of clouds impedes some part of solar radiation to reach the earth surface, it was suggested that this gas will cause a cooling effect. When it is considered that phytoplankton forms only 0.2% of plant mass in the biosphere but is the direct or indirect source of food for all creatures in the sea and can affect one of the major problems of our century, global warming, the importance of these organisms in the ecosystem is understood.
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Abstract (Original Language): 
Bu derlemenin amacı bitkisel planktonun ekolojik önemini ve iklim değişikliğindeki rolünü incelemektir. Denizlerde besin zincirinin en alt halkasını oluşturan fitoplanktonun karbon üretimi dünya birincil üretiminin yarısını karşılamaktadır. Fitoplankton yeryüzündeki oksijenin de yarısını üretmektedir. Bu tek hücreli organizmalar küresel iklim değişikliğinde de rol oynamaktadır. İki farklı mekanizma ile fitoplanktonun küresel ısınmayı azaltabileceği önerilmiştir. Birincisinde bu fitoplankton atmosferden karbondioksiti alıp organik karbona çevirir ve ölen organizmalarla deniz tabanına gönderilir. Dolayısıyla atmosferdeki karbondioksit miktarı azalarak sera etkisi azaltılmış olur. İkinci mekanizma okyanuslarda yaygın olarak görülen bazı fitoplankton gruplarından çıkan dimetilsülfat gazı ile gerçekleşir. Bu gaz atmosferde sülfat aerosollerine yükseltgenerek bulut yoğunlaşma çekirdeği olarak görev yapar. Bulut oluşumu güneş ışınlarının yeryüzüne ulaşmasını engelleyeceği için bu gazın küresel bir soğumaya yol açabileceği belirtilmiştir. Biyosferdeki bitki kütlesinin sadece %0,2’sine karşılık gelen fakat tüm deniz canlılarının direk veya dolaylı olarak besin kaynağı olan fitoplanktonun çağın en büyük sorunlarından biri olan küresel ısınmayı etkileyebildiği düşünüldüğünde bu organizmaların ekosistemdeki yeri ve önemi daha iyi anlaşılmaktadır.
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  • 2
285-293
  • Turkish

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