You are here

Home » Content

The effect of a training program using concentric/overload eccentric exercises on maximum strength, achievement record and some dynamic variables of snatch lift

Journal Name:

  • Turkish Journal of Kinesiology

Publication Year:

  • 2017

Key Words:

Author NameUniversity of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
This research aimed to find the effect of using Concentric/Overload Eccentric Exercises (Co/OvEc-Exs) to improve maximum strength (MS) level in the weightlifting training program on both of (M.S.) level, achievement record of snatch lift (ARSF). In addition, dynamic variables of Time (Ti), acceleration (Ac), work (Wo), and power (Po), through the two phases of (drop & turnover under the barbell) and (catch & stable standing) of snatch lift. The researcher used the experimental method by the design of per – post measurements of two equal groups, one of them was the control group (Cl group) and the other was the experimental group (El group), each group consisted of 5 weightlifters. Equality between the two groups was conducted in variables of age – height – weight – training age, MS variables of the performance level on tests of Clean – Jerk – Power Squat – Front Squat – Snatch Pull, ARSF, and those dynamic variables. To achieve the research purpose, a training program was applied for 10 weeks on the two groups. It included 30 training units – 3 units weekly, MS exercises for Cl group were performed in the traditional mode – concentric/eccentric exercises Co/Ec-Exs, in which the concentric and eccentric portions of the exercise cycle was performed with a constant weight which was equivalent 80-90٪ of the weightlifter's maximum load. While the same exercises were performed for the (El group) in the intended non-traditional mode of the research – (Co/Ov Ec-Exs) in which the concentric portion was performed with 80 - 90٪ load but the eccentric portion was performed with an equivalent load to 110 - 120٪ of the weightlifter's maximum load and this portion must be performed in a period of 3-5 sec. This was with taking into account that the concentric portion of all exercises for the two groups must be performed explosively. The research results indicated that there were statistically significant differences between the post-measurements of the two groups in all of the experimental variables. Based on these results, it was concluded that the Co/OvEc-Exs are more efficient than Co/Ec-Exs in improving the level of MS which leads to improve the dynamic variables of performing snatch lift, and all of these in turn leads to improve ARSF.
Bookmark/Search this post with
FULL TEXT (PDF): 
PDF icon overload-eccentric-exercises-maximum-strength-achievement-record-and-some-dynamic-variables-snatch-lift.pdf
  • 4
77
85
  • English

REFERENCES

References: 

AbouGamil E. Training of sports activities. The Modern Book Center, Cairo, 2015.
Aly A. Biomechanics and the integration of theory and practice in the sporting field. El-Motaheda, Port Said, 1990.
Anthony T. Training for power: Principles and practice. UK Strength and Conditioning Association, 2009; 14: 20-32.
Behm D, Sale D. Intended rather than actual movement velocity determines velocity-specific training response. Journal of Applied Physiology, 1993; 74(1): 359-368.
Benjamin W, Justin C, Nicholas D, Matthew M, Jason M. Comparison of rate of force development during a light and moderate load snatch pull. Journal of Undergraduate Kinesiology Research, 2014; 9(2): 20–30.
Christian T. Theory and application of modern strength and power methods. Francois Lepine, San Francisco, 2007.
Christian T. Accentuated eccentric training, CASA, San Francisco, 2003.
Coffey V, Hawley J. The molecular bases of training adaptation. Sports Medicine 2007; 37(9): 737–763.
Cronin J, McNair P, Marshall R. The effects of bungy weight training on muscle function and functional performance. Journal of Sports Sciences 2003; 21(1): 59-71.
Dietmar H. Specific strength training – or how to transfer improvements of strength training into functional movements. 7th International Conference on Strength Training, Slovak Society of Sports Medicine, 2010; 80-84.
Doyle M, Lyttle A, Elliott B. Comparison of force-related performance indicators between heavyweight and lightweight rowers. Sports Biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports, 2012; 3(9): 178–92.
Dufour S, Lampert E, Doutreleau S, Lonsdorfer-Wolf E, Billat V, Piquard F, Richard R. Training application of specific circulatory adjustments. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2004; 36(11): 1900-1906.
Ebada K. The impact of ballistic training on explosive power development and some biomechanics parameters for lifting the snatch youth weightlifters. International Sport Science Students Conference 2013, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Ebada K. The effect of a training program on the development of the maximal strength for weightlifting beginner's performance. Selçuk University Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science. 2011; 13(3), 281-290.
Ebada K, Abd-El-Hady I. The effect of development of muscular balance on some dynamic parameters and level of achievement for clean and jerk skill for weightlifters. Journal of Science, Movement and Health, 2013; 13(2, Suppl.): 172-182.
Erbil H, Ahmet A. Comparative kinematic analysis of the snatch lifts in elite male adolescent weightlifters. Acta Physiol Scand, 2014; 13(2): 417- 422.
Fang Y, Fang Y, Siemionow V, Sahgal V, Xiong F, Yue G. Greater movement-related cortical potential during eccentric verses concentric muscle contractions. 2011; 86(4): 1764-1772.
Farthing J, Chilibeck P. The effects of eccentric and concentric training at different velocities on muscle hypertrophy. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2003; 89(6): 578–586.
Friedmann-Bette B, Bauer T, Kinscherf R, Vorwald S, Klute K, Bischoff D, Müller H, Weber M, Metz J, Kauczor H, Bärtsch P, Billeter R. Effects of strength training with eccentric overload on muscle adaptation in male athletes. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2010; 108(4): 821-836.
Garhammer J. A review of power output studies Olympic and powerlifting: Methodology, performance prediction and evaluation tests. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 1993; 7: 76-89.
Garhammer J. A comparison of maximal power outputs between elite male and female weightlifters in competition. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 1991; 7: 3-11.
Garhammer J. Biomechanical profile of olympic weightlifters. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 1985; 1: 122-130.
Gourgoulis V, Aggelousis N, Mavromatis G, Garas A. Three-dimensional kinematic analysis of the snatch of elite Greek weightlifters. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2000; 18: 643–652.
Grabiner M, Owings T. EMG differences between concentric and eccentric maximum voluntary contractions are evident prior to movement onset. Experimental Brain Research, 2002; 145(4): 505-511.
Gregory G, Sophia N. Training principles for power. National Strength and Conditioning Association, 2012; 34(6): 212-223.
84 AbouGamil, 2017
Turk J Kin 2017; 3(4): 77-85
Hadi G, Akkus H, Harbili E. Three-dimensional kinematic analysis of the snatch technique for lifting different barbell weights. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2012; 26(6): 1568-1576.
Haff G., Carlock J, Hartman M, Kilgore J, Kawamori N, Jackson J, Morris R, Sands W, Stone M. Force-time curve characteristics of dynamic and isometric muscle actions of elite women Olympic weightlifters. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2005; 19(4): 741–748.
Harri S. Motor unit activation and force production during eccentric, concentric and isometric actions. Publishing Unit, University Library of Jyväskylä, Finland, 2002.
Higbie E, Elizabeth J, Cureton G, Warren I, Barry M. Effects of concentric and eccentric training on muscle strength, cross-sectional area, and neural activation. Journal of Applied Physiology, 1996; 81(5): 2173-2181.
Hilliard R, Schneider M, Bishop S, Guilliams M. Strength gains following different combined concentric and eccentric exercise regimens. Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine Journal, 2003; 74(4): 342-347.
Hortobágyi T, Hill J, Houmard J, Fraser D, Lambert N, Israel R. Adaptive responses to muscle lengthening and shortening in humans. Journal of Applied Physiology, 1996; 80(3): 765-772.
Ikeda Y, Ikeda Y, Jinji T, Matsubayashi T, Matsuo A, Inagaki E, Takemata T, Kikuta M. Comparison of the snatch technique for female weightlifters at the 2008 Asian championships. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2012; 26(5): 1281-1295.
Isner-Horobeti M, Dufour S, Vautravers P, Geny B, Coudeyre E, Richard R. Eccentric exercise training: modalities, applications and perspectives. Sports Medicine, 2013; 43(6): 483-512.
Johnny P, Guillaume L, Karim C. Concentric and eccentric: muscle contraction or exercise? Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 2013; 12(3): 608-609.
Jones J, John T. The biomechanical analysis of the Olympic snatch lift. Western Oregon University, Monmouth, 2010.
Kalichova M, Hedbavny P, Bago G. Optimalisation of the snatch technique in weightlifting based on kinematic measurements. Faculty of Sport Studies Masaryk University, Brno, 2016.
Kawamori N, Haff G. The optimal training load for the development of muscular power. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2004; 18(3): 675-684.
Kraemer W, Adams K, Cafarelli E, Dudley GA, Dooly C, Feigenbaum MS, Fleck SJ, Franklin B, Fry AC, Hoffman JR, Newton RU, Potteiger J, Stone MH, Ratamess NA, Triplett-McBride T. Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2002; 34: 364-380.
Kramer H, Goodyear L. Exercise, MAPK, and NF-κB signaling in skeletal muscle. Journal of Applied Physiology, 2007; 103(1): 388-395.
Kristof K, Chad H. Patterns of barbell acceleration during the snatch in weightlifting competition. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2015; 33(14): 1467-1471.
LaStayo P, Woolf J, Lewek M, Snyder-Mackler L, Reich T, Lindstedt S. Eccentric muscle contractions: their contribution to injury, prevention, rehabilitation, and sport. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 2003; 33(10): 557-571.
LaStayo P, Pierotti D, Pifer J, Hoppeler H, Lindstedt S. Eccentric ergometry: Increases in locomotor muscle size and strength at low training intensities. American Journal of Physiology, 2000; 278(5): 1282-1288.
LaStayo P, Reich T, Urquhart M, Hoppeler H, Lindstedt S. Chronic eccentric exercise: improvements in muscle strength can occur with little demand for oxygen. American Journal of Physiology, 1999; 276(2): 611-615.
Lindstedt S, LaStayo P, Reich T. When active muscles lengthen: properties and consequences of eccentric contractions. American Journal of Physiology, 2001; 16(6): 256-261.
Michael V, Hans, H. Eccentric exercise: mechanisms and effects when used as training regime or training adjunct. Journal of Applied Physiology Published, 2014; 116(11): 1446-1454.
Newton R, Dugan E. Application of strength diagnosis. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 2002; 24(5): 50–59.
Nosratollah H, Deborah F. Physiological and neural adaptations to eccentric exercise: mechanisms and considerations for training. National Center for Biotechnology Information, Published Online, 2015.
Owen W, Francisco T, James L. Olympic weightlifting. Science for Sport, Published Online, 2016.
Pat O. Advanced weightlifting & sport performance manual, Performance Prediction and Evaluation Tests, USA Weightlifting, 2014.
Paul N, Schilling B, Stone M, Kilgore J, Chiu L. Snatch technique of United States national level weightlifters. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2014; 28(3): 587-591.
Sato K. Sands WA, Stone MH. The reliability of accelerometry to measure weightlifting performance. Sports Biomechanics, 2012; 11(4): 524-531.
Schilling B. Snatch technique of collegiate national level weightlifters. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2002; 16(4): 551-555.
Steiner R, Meyer K, Lippuner K, Schmid J, Saner H, Hoppeler H. Eccentric endurance training in subjects with coronary artery disease: a novel exercise paradigm in cardiac rehabilitation? European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2004; 91(5-6): 572-578.
Stéphane P, Isner-Horobeti M, Vautravers P, Geny B, Coudeyre E, Richard R. Eccentric exercise training: modalities, applications and perspectives. Sports Medicine, 2013; 43(6): 483-512.
Stone M, Gavin M, Mark G, Ross S. How much strength is necessary. Physical Therapy in Sport, 2002; 3(2): 88-96.
Zachary L. The full snatch - a closer look at the mechanics and technique of the fastest lift in the world. The Crossfit Journal, 2010; 1-10.

Thank you for copying data from http://www.arastirmax.com