THE QORTOOBY COMMENTARY IN TERMS OF BRINGING
EVIDENCE TO VERSES FROM POETRY (IN THE SAMPLE OF
SURAH OF ANKABOOT)
Journal Name:
- Turkish Studies
Key Words:
Keywords (Original Language):
Author Name | University of Author | Faculty of Author |
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Abstract (2. Language):
Commentary activity was started with Hz. Muhammad, is
continues present-day and it will continue to exist in the future as a
discipline. After the Prophet Muhammad, his companions, his followers
and his followers of followers had been contributed to the interpretation
activities. This activity, which continued with the first philological
commentaries, has been gained momentum with works on the first full
commentaries and then narration method. Ultimately, with rational
commentaries, and exegesis written in other methods and schools have
always been evaluated in this field of activity. In all these processes,
matter that does not separate from exegesis, it has been to explain the
verses with poetry, to give meaning the strange words and to bring
evidence with poetry, etc. istijhâd. Namely, as an integral method or
technique of interpretation, to bring evidence with poetry and to bring
evidences to the verses with poetries always has been existed.
Excellency Prophet has listened to poetry, and was been
encouraged good readers or writers, namely read well or built very well
it. Muhammad made this, despite the declared negative about poetry in
the Qoran. Companions of Prophet didn’t have any difficulty in the sense
of the Qoran's thoughts while he was alive. But after his death, his
companions has applied the poetry, the dictionary and Arabic language,
where they are not understood or do not understand. Bringing evidence
with poetry in comments starting with friends like Ibn Abbas and the
Excellency Omar, it had continued without speed in followers followers
period. In the first philological commentaries written after their
successors, to bring evidence technique to the verse from poetry, has
been applied in a wide plane in the comments of books. In time and now
the poems became written, had found the widest application areas in
Tabarî and Ibn Kuteybe commentaries. This method or technique has
seen the summit with the commentator Ibn Atiyye. From now on, in every
commentary that has been written was followed or adhered by bringing
evidence to the verses with poetry method absolutely.
Qortooby also applied the method of explanation of the verses by
bringing evidence from poetry in his commentary book. It has been
determined or identified that there is nearly thousand poetries in his
commentary book that in a review made. This is considered to be the
most important data that shows that almost every six verses have been
bringing evidence to the verses from poetry. This article, in which the
subject of bringing evidence to the verses from poetry is studied in the
sample of the surah of Ankaboot, also showed the same performance.Because Qortooby had placed bringing evidence to the verses from poetry
surah of Ankebût in only twelve verses that formed sixty-nine verses. This
is considered to be the clearest indication that he has been persuaded
with bringing evidence to verses from poems in every six verses of surah
of Ankaboot. In this context as commentary technique or method
bringing evidence to verses from poetries, it has been accepted as a very
good method in terms of Qortooby and has also been applied in a wide
fan commentary.
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Abstract (Original Language):
Tefsir faaliyeti, Hz. Muhammed ile başlamış, günümüzde devam eden ve gelecekte de varlığını sürdürecek olan bir disiplin olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Hz. Peygamberden sonra sahabe, tabiin ve tebe-i tabiin dönemlerinde de tefsir faaliyeti sürdürülmüştür. İlk filolojik tefsirlerle devam eden bu faaliyet, ilk tam tefsirler ve ardından rivayet metoduna dair eserlerle ivme kazanmıştır. En nihayet dirayet tefsirleri ile diğer metot ve mezhebe bağlı kalınarak yazılan tefsirler, hep bu faaliyet alanında değerlendirilmiştir. Bütün bu süreçlerde tefsirden ayrılmayan husus ise ayetleri açıklamak ve garip lafızlara mana vermek için şiirle istişhâd yapmak olmuştur.
Hz. Peygamber, şiir dinlemiş ve iyi okuyan ya da iyi şiir inşâd edenleri cesaretlendirmiştir. O, hayatta iken Kurân’ın manalarını anlamada zorluk yaşamayan sahabe, vefatının ardından anlaşılmayan ya da anlamadıkları yerlerde şiire, lügate ve Arap diline müracaat etmişlerdir. Hz. Ömer ve İbn Abbas gibi sahabiler ile başlayan tefsirde şiirle istişhâd olayı, tabiiler döneminde hız kesmeden devam etmiştir. Tebe-i tabiinden sonra yazılan ilk filolojik tefsirlerde şiirle istişhâd metodu geniş bir düzlemde tefsire uygulanmıştır. Böylece yazılı hale gelen şiirler, İbn Kuteybe ve Taberî’de en geniş şekliyle kendine yer bulmuş, İbn Atıyye ile zirveye ulaşmıştır. Bundan sonra yazılan her tefsirde mutlaka şiirle istişhâd metodundan yararlanmıştır.
Kurtubî de tefsirinde şiirle istişhâd metodunu uygulamıştır. Yapılan bir araştırmada tefsirinde bine yakın şiire yer verdiği belirlenmiştir. Bu, hemen hemen her altı ayette bir şiirle istişhâd ettiğini gösteren önemli veri kabul edilmiştir. Ankebût suresi örnekliğinde şiirle istişhâd konusunun incelendiği bu makalede de Kurtubî’nin sıkça şiirle istişhâda müracaat ettiği tespit edilmiştir. Zira altmış dokuz ayetten oluşan surenin on iki ayetinde şiire yer vermiştir. Bu da onun, her altı ayette bir şiirle istişhâd ettiğinin en net göstergesi sayılmıştır. Bu bağlamda bir tefsir metodu olarak şiirle istişhâd, Kurtubî açısından çok yerinde bir metot olarak kabul edilmiş ve bu metodu tefsirinde
kullanmıştır.
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