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Beyaz tüflerde çevrim sayısına bağlı ideal suda dağılmaya karşı duraylılık indeksi (SDI) değerinin belirlenmesi

Determination of ideally slake durability index (SDI) value depending on number of cycles

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Abstract (2. Language): 
Slake Durability Index test is widely used in rock mechanics, engineering geology and the selection and evaluation of natural building material. In general, the aim of this test is to provide an index that is related to resistance of rocks against degradation when it is subjected to two Standard cycles of wetting and drying. The slake durability test was suggested as a standard test for rocks by the International Society of Rock Mechanics and also by the American Society for Testing and Materials. The slake durability index (SDI) can be considered to be one of the most important properties for shales, clay-bearing rocks and similar weak rocks. A number of parameters have an effect on the slake durability index value. Such affects can be listed as; mineralogical composition of rocks, number of wetting and drying cycles, the character of the experiment solution, degrees of surface roughness and so on. Tests omitting any of the factors listed above would lead to erroneous results. Among these parameters, it can be said that the geometrical shape of the rock samples used in the test is an important one. The ASTM and ISRM test methods mention that the shapes of rock samples should be close to spherical as much as possible, each having a mass between 40 to 60 grams. Nevertheless, preparation of nearly spherical samples could be time consuming or sometimes be very difficult. It should be also stated that being nearly spherical is a subjective matter, which changes from person to person. In this study authors have proposed a sphere test sample preparation method in order to eliminate this subjective matter. The application of this method makes possible the preparation of equalsized and weight, and smooth surface sphere test samples for SDI test. The white tuff is selected for this study because of the fact that tuff and ignimbirites type rocks were used to build historical monuments in the past, and are nowadays being used as decorative material in Turkey thanks to their softness and easy processable nature. White tuff block samples having fresh, slightly and moderately weathering grades were taken from face and stock field of an active tuff quarry located near to Derbent village of Eskisehir province. K, H and W symbols were used for fresh white tuffs, slightly and moderately weathering white tuffs, respectively, in this study to illustrate each weathering grades. Four different test sets for fresh tuffs were prepared; rounded sample sets according to standards, three sphere sample sets. The weights of sphere test samples in three sets are about 40, 50 and 60 g each. Six different test sets for slightly and moderately weathered tuffs were prepared as sphere test samples which have about 40, 50 and 60 g each. The SDI tests for 12 cycles were carried out on all white tuff test sets. The SDI values of sphere test sets were compared with the SDI values of K_Y test set. The SDI values of K_60, H_60 and W_60 test sets were found to be higher than the SDI values of K_Y and other sphere test sets prepared from weathering tuffs. Therefore, these test sets were ignored to determine the SDI values. Because it has been obtained similar results for H_40 test set, it was decided that ideal index values could not been determined from the test sets which have about 40 g each. According to the standard two-cycle SDI test, the Id2 value of W_50 test set was found to be 95.39 %. It is higher than the index value of K_Y test set, 94.39 %. Similarly, the SDI values of W_50 test set up to 8- cycle were found to be higher than the index values of K_Y test sets. The SDI values of K_50, K_Y, H_50 and W_50 test sets at the end of twelfth cycle were determined to be 72.48 %, 69.03 %, 67.24 % and 64.67 %, respectively. In this case, the SDI values were able to define the weathering characteristics. Then, the SDI values of K_50, K_Y, H_50 and W_50 test sets were subjected to regression analysis. The Id2 and Id4 values of H_50 have been estimated as 93.47 % and 88.16 %, respectively. The Id2 and Id4 values of W_50 have been estimated as 92.82 % and 86.54 %, respectively. As a result, it has been concluded that it is appropriate to use these index values in engineering problems, as ideal index values.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Suda dağılmaya karşı duraylılık indeksi (SDI) deneyi, zayıf ve killi kayaçların ıslanma ve kuruma çevrimleri sürecinde, aşınmaya ve ayrılıp suda dağılmaya karşı gösterdiği direnci belirlemekte kullanılmaktadır. SDI deneyi sonrasında bu direnci belirleyen bir indeks değeri hesaplanmaktadır. Ancak deneyde kullanılan örnek parçalarının şekli, ağırlığı, boyutu ve yüzey pürüzlülüğü gibi indeks değerini etkileyen birçok etken vardır. Bu çalışma kapsamında taze ve yüzeysel bozunmaya uğramış beyaz tüflerden küre şekilli, eş farklı boyutlu, eş farklı ağırlıklı ve pürüzsüz yüzeyli deney örnekler üzerinde SDI deneyleri yapılmıştır. Deneyler sonunda deney örneklerinin kütle ağırlığı 50 gr olarak belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca bu etkenlerin SDI indeksi üzerindeki etkisi çevrim sayısına bağlı olarak da araştırılmıştır. Bu deneyler sonucunda beyaz tüfler için çevrim sayısının da SDI indeks değerlerinde etkin olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Standartlarda önerilen 2 veya 4 çevrimlik SDI deneyinin beyaz tüf için yeterli olmadığı, çoklu çevrimden sonra ideal indeks değerlerine ulaşılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.
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