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MERALARIMIZDA GÖRÜLEN SARI PEYGAMBER ÇİÇEĞİ (Centaurea solstitialis L.)'NİN BİTKİSEL ÖZELLİKLERİ VE KONTROLÜ

PLANT CHARACTERISTICS AND CONTROL OF YELLOW STARHISTLE (Centaurea solstitialis L.) APPEARED AT OUR RANGELANDS

Journal Name:

  • Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi

Publication Year:

  • 2010

Key Words:

Keywords (Original Language):

Author NameUniversity of AuthorFaculty of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
The plant composition in our rangelands has changed greatly from the original ecosystems due to the uncontrolled grazing managements for long years. Today, there are hundreds of weed species at the rangelands of Turkey. Some of the most problematic weeds are Centaurea solstitialis, Bromus tectorum, Euphorbia helioscopia, Ranunculus kotschyi and Eryngium bithynicum. Yellow starhistle (Centaurea solstitialis) has impact on the livestock industry by lowering yield and quality of forage, increasing costs of producing livestock, and reducing land value. Yellow starhistle has also effect on impact wildlife habitat and forage, deplete soil and water resources and reduce plant and animal diversity. This annual and wintery plant is spread on the fields below 2000 m. There are numerous control strategies to manage yellow starhistle, including hand pulling, tillage, mowing, grazing, prescribed burning, re-vegetation, biological and chemical control. Some degree of achievements was attained by using each of these fighting methods. But, successful management of C. solstitialis on rangeland will require the development of a long-term strategic plan incorporating prevention programs. Therefore, a successful long-term management program should be designed to include combinations of some control techniques as well as appropriate grazing method.
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Abstract (Original Language): 
Uzun yıllar boyunca hiçbir kural ve sisteme bağlı olmadan yapılan otlatmalara bağlı olarak meralarımızın mevcut yapıları, orijinal ekosistemlerine göre oldukça değişmiştir. Bu gün itibarıyla, meralarımızda yüzlerce yabancı bitki türü bulunmaktadır. Bunlar içerisinde en fazla problem oluşturan yabancı bitkilerden bazıları; Centaurea solstitialis, Bromus tectorum, Euphorbia helioscopia, Ranunculus kotschyi ve Eryngium bithynicum olarak sıralanabilir. Bunlar içerisinde ülkemizde sarı peygamber çiçeği olarak bilinen Centaurea solstitialis; meralardan elde edilen kaba yemlerin verim ve kalitesini azaltmak, çiftlik hayvanlarının üretim maliyetlerini artırmak ve bulunduğu arazinin değerini düşürmek suretiyle hayvancılık endüstrisini olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Bitkinin, doğal hayat yanında toprak ve su kaynakları ile bitki ve hayvan çeşitliliğine de olumsuz etkileri vardır. Tek yıllık ve kışlık olan bitki, 2000 m'nin altındaki alanlarda yayılım göstermektedir. Sarı peygamber çiçeği ile mücadelede; elle koparma, toprağın sürülmesi, biçme, otlatma, kontrollü yakma, yeni vejetasyon oluşturma, biyolojik ve kimyasal kontrol gibi birçok kontrol yöntemi uygulanmaktadır. Bu mücadele yöntemlerinin her biri ile bitkinin kontrolünde belli oranlarda başarılar elde edilebilmektedir. Ancak, sarı peygamber çiçeğinin başarılı bir şekilde kontrol edilmesi için, bazı mücadele tekniklerinin kombinasyonundan oluşacak şekilde planlanmış uzun vadeli bir stratejik plan ile birlikte, uygun bir otlatma yönetimine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
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  • 3
213-222
  • Turkish

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