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BASK BÖLGESİ: ETNİK MİLLİYETÇİLİĞİN TARİHSEL GELİŞİMİ VE İSPANYA’DAKİ DEVLET POLİTİKALARININ ETKİSİ

THE BASQUE COUNTRY: A HISTORICAL CASE OF ETHNIC NATIONALISM AND IMPACT OF STATE POLICIES IN SPAIN

Journal Name:

  • Ege Akademik Bakış Dergisi

Publication Year:

  • 2008

Key Words:

Keywords (Original Language):

Author Name
Abstract (2. Language): 
Spain is a state, consisting of 17 autonomous regions. Initially, Spain had historically autonomous regions like the Basque Country and Catalonia. In the seventeenth century, centralizing attempts made in the name of state-building had caused strong reactions from the historical regions of the periphery. The ethnocentric approach of the Basques had become the motor of the early Basque nationalism. Under the fourty years of Franco Regime, all the regional and nationalist actions were suppressed severely. However, the Franco Regime ended in 1975 and Spain achieved the transition to democracy. ETA, which first appeared in 1958 under the Franco Regime as a defender of the oppressed Basque people‟s cultural and historical rights, has adopted separatist tendencies and applied terror to obtain its aim without taking into consideration that the Basque people later in the 1980s obtained its own democratic rights according to the new constitution after transition to democracy.
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Abstract (Original Language): 
17.yüzyılda devlet oluşturma adına yapılan merkezileştirme çabaları, özellikle yüzyıllar boyunca belli oranda özerk olan -Bask Ülkesi ve Katalonya gibi- „tarihi‟ bölgelerin merkeze karşı tepkilerine neden olmuştur. Baskların ırkçı yaklaşımı da Bask milliyetçiliğinin motorunu oluşturur. Özellikle Franko döneminde ağır bir baskı rejimi uygulanan Bask ülkesinin, başlangıçta tarihi ve kültürel haklarını savunan ETA, daha sonra radikal akımların etkisiyle, anayasa gereğince zaten Bask halkına sağlanan tüm demokratik hakları dikkate almaksızın, ayrılıkçı bir anlayışa yönelmiş ve bu amacına ulaşmak için terör uygulamıştır. Bugün, Bask halkının büyük bir çoğunluğu, İspanya ulusal hükümetini desteklemekte ve kendi özerklik kanunları olan Guernica ile oluşturulan statükodan memnundurlar.
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  • 1
355-371
  • Turkish

REFERENCES

References: 

KEATING, M. (1993):‟Spain: Peripheral Nationalism and State Response‟, John Mc Garry, Brendon O‟leary (eds.) The Politics of Ethnic Conflict Regulation, London, Routledge. LINZ, J. (1973):‟Early State-Building and Late Peripheral Nationalism Against the State: The Case of Spain‟, S.N.Eisenstadt and Stein Rokkan (eds.) Building States and Nations. California, Sage Publications, Inc. KEATING, M. (1990):‟Minority Nationalism and the State: the European Case‟, Michael Watson (ed.) Contemporary Minority Nationalism, London, Routledge. COVERDALE, J. F. (1979): „The Political Transformation of Spain After Franco‟, New York: Praeger Special Studies. SHABAD, G.; GUNTHER, R. (1982): „Language,Nationalism and Political Conflict in Spain‟, Comparative Politics, Vol.XIV. GRUGEL, J. (1990):‟The Basques‟, Michael Watson (ed.) Contemporary Minority Nationalism, London, Routledge. PRESTON, P. (1986): „The Triumph of Democracy in Spain‟ ,New York: Methuen & Co. DOBSON, C.; PAYNE, R. (1982): „Spain: The King goes to war‟, New York: Facts on File. CHISLETT, W. (1992): „Spain Business & Finance‟, London: Euromoney Publications PLC. ZARISKI, R. (1989): ‟Ethnic Extremism among Ethnoterritorial Minorities in Western Europe‟, Comparative Politics, Volume XX1, No.3.

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