REVERSE PHARMACOLOGY AND SYSTEMS APPROACHES FOR DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT

Scientifically validated and technologically standardized botanical products may be explored on a fast track using innovative approaches like reverse pharmacology and systems biology, which are based on traditional medicine knowledge. Traditional medicine constitutes an evolutionary process as communities and individuals continue to discover practices transforming techniques. Many modern drugs have origin in ethno pharmacology and traditional medicine. Traditions are dynamic and not static entities of unchanging knowledge. Discovering reliable 'living tradition' remains a major challenge in traditional medicine. In many parts 'little traditions' of indigenous systems of medicine are disappearing, yet their role in bio prospecting medicines or poisons remains of pivotal importance. Indian Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese systems are living 'great traditions'. Ayurvedic knowledge and experiential database can provide new functional leads to reduce time, money and toxicity - the three main hurdles in the drug development. We begin the search based on Ayurvedic medicine research, clinical experiences, observations or available data on actual use in patients as a starting point. We use principles of systems biology where holistic yet rational analysis is done to address multiple therapeutic requirements. Since safety of the materials is already established from traditional use track record, we undertake pharmaceutical development, safety validation and pharmacodynamic studies in parallel to controlled clinical studies. Thus, drug discovery based on Ayurveda follows a 'Reverse Pharmacology' path from Clinics to Laboratories. Herein we describe such approaches with selected examples based on previous studies.