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Zeminlerin Likit Limitinin Tek Nokta Koni Batma Yöntemiyle Belirlenmesi

Determination of Liquid Limit of Soils Using One Point Fall Cone Method

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Abstract (2. Language): 
Liquid limit is one of the important soil index parameters and it is determined by means of two standard methods; Casagrande and fall-cone methods. Determination of liquid limit by fall-cone is based on penetration of cone shaped metal object into a homogeneously prepared soil mud with free fall. Even though it is less operator dependent and it gives more accurate results, compared to the Casagrande method, standard 4 point fall-cone method as imposed in TS 1900, takes long time when too many samples are to be tested for identification purposes. In this study 138 clay samples were tested with fall-cone method, test results were evaluated statistically and determination of liquid limit by means of one point fall-cone was investigated. After the experimental and statistical studies, 3 empirical equations were developed and “LL= W/(0.33*(P/20)+0.66)” equation seemed to be more reliable. Faults to happen during the application of standard 4 point method are reflected on the graph and after drawing a trend line, these faults will be distributed along the trend line. However in the one point method faults will be reflected directly on a single liquid limit value. Therefore, in one point method, test procedure should be obeyed carefully. Although the fall-cone liquid limit test method is proposed method in Turkish Standards, one point method is not mentioned. As in the standards of other countries, it is thought to be appropriate that Turkish Standards include one point fall-cone method.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Likit limit, zeminlerin önemli tanımlama parametrelerinden biri olup Casagrande ve koni batma olmak üzere 2 standart yöntemle belirlenir. Koni batma yöntemi ile likit limit belirlenmesi konik uçlu bir metalin hazırlanan homojen bir zemin çamuru içine kendi ağırlığı ile batırılması esasına dayanır. Casagrande yöntemine göre daha az operatör bağımlı olması ve daha kesin sonuçlar vermesine rağmen, koni batma yöntemi ile çok sayıda deney yapılması gerektiğinde TS 1900 de öngörülen 4 deney yöntemi çok zaman almaktadır. Bu çalışmada 138 adet kil örneği üzerinde koni batması yöntemiyle likit limit deneyi yapılmış ve deney sonuçları istatistiksel yöntemlerle incelenerek tek nokta ile likit limitin belirlenmesi konusu araştırılmıştır. Yapılan deneysel ve istatistiksel çalışmalar sonucunda likit limitin tek nokta koni batma deneyinden elde edilmesine yönelik 3 adet görgül eşitlik elde edilmiş ve bunlardan “LL= W/(0.33*(P/20)+0.66)” eşitliğinin en güvenilir sonucu verdiği anlaşılmıştır. 4 nokta deney yapıldığında deneyde yapılan hatalar eğilim doğrusu çizilmesi suretiyle paylaştırıldığından, bulunan LL değerine daha az yansımaktadır. Ancak tek nokta yönteminde yapılan hatalar doğrudan LL değerine yansıyacağından, tek nokta yönteminde deneyle ilgili tüm ayrıntılara daha fazla özen gösterilmelidir. Likit limitin koni batma yöntemi ile belirlenmesi Türk Standartları’nda önerilen yöntem olmasına rağmen, tek nokta deney konusundan bahsedilmemektedir. Diğer ülkelerin standartlarında olduğu gibi Türk standartlarında da tek nokta yöntemine yer verilmesinin yerinde olacağı düşünülmektedir.
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