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Sporda Gen Dopingi

Gene Doping in Sport

Journal Name:

  • Selçuk Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilim Dergisi

Publication Year:

  • 2011

Key Words:

Keywords (Original Language):

Author NameUniversity of AuthorFaculty of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
As genetic technologies continue to progress at a rapidly, these developments bring on some potential misuses together. After created “super mouse” models by animal experimental studies the term of genetically modified athletes (GMA) was popular. The discussion on gene doping was initiated in June 2001. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) has included the method of gene doping in their list of prohibited classes of substances and prohibited methods in 2003. In 2004, World Anti Doping Agency (WADA) prohibited the method of gene doping also. In this rewiev, firstly gene doping and related genes [eg. erythropoietin (EPO), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gama (PPAR-γ), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), insulinlike growth factor 1 (IGF-1), myostatin, follistatin, bone morphogenic protein (BMP), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiotensin I–converting enzyme (ACE), endothelial nitric oxide syntase (eNOS), Actinin binding protein 3 (ACTN3) and endorphins] were described, and following in vitro and in vivo gene doping methods were introduced. Then the possibile health risks of using gene doping methods were defined. The detection methods of gene dopings (expression profiling, assessment of the immune response to the gene delivery vector, determination of structural differences between the transgene and the endogenous one, DNA Barcodes and assay for tissue-specific promoters/ligand inducible promoters) were compared. Finally, preventive measures and ethical aspects of gene doping were discussed.
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Abstract (Original Language): 
Genetik teknolojiler ve bu alandaki gelişmeler hızla ilerlemeye devam ederken olası suiistimalleri de beraberinde getiriyor. Yapılan hayvan deneyleriyle oluşturulan “süper fare” modellerinin ardından artık genetiği değiştirilmiş sporcular (GDS) terimi gündemdedir. 2001’den bu yana gen dopingi konusu tartışılmaktadır. 2003 yılında Uluslararası Olimpiyat Komitesi (IOC) tarafından yasaklı maddeler ve metotlar listesine eklenmiş, 2004 yılından itibaren de Dünya Anti Doping Ajansı (WADA) tarafından uluslararası yasaklı maddeler ve metotlar listesine eklenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, gen dopingi terimi tanımlanmış ve bu yöntemde kullanılabilecek aday genler [eritropoetin (EPO), Peroksizom proliferator-aktivasyonlu reseptör gama (PPAR-γ), fosfoenolpirüvat karboksikinaz (PEPCK), insülin benzeri büyüme faktorü 1 (IGF-1), myostatin, follistatin kemik morfogenik protein (BMP), vasküler endotelyal büyüme faktorü (VEGF), anjiotensin I– dönüştürücü enzim (ACE), endotelyal nitrik oksit sentaz (eNOS), aktinin bağlayıcı protein 3 (ACTN3) ve endorfinler] hakkında bilgi verildikten sonra hücre içi (in vivo) ve hücre dışı (in vitro) gen dopingi metotları açıklanmıştır. Daha sonra gen dopingi tespit yöntemlerinin ifade profilleme, bağışıklık değerlendirilmesi, aktarılan vektör ve gene yanıt, transgen ve endojen gen arasındaki yapısal farklılıklar, DNA barkodları, doku spesifik testler ve promotor/ligand uyarılabilir promotorlar uygulanabilirliği açısından birbirleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Son olarak da gen dopinginin tespiti bu uygulamayı önleyici tedbirler ve gen dopinginin etik yönleri tartışılmıştır.
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  • 3
253-260
  • Turkish

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