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KARA ÖLÜM: 1348 VEBA SALGINI VE ORTAÇAĞ AVRUPA’SINA ETKİLERİ

BLACK DEATH: 1348 PLAGUE AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE MEDIEVAL EUROPE

Journal Name:

  • Tarih Okulu Dergisi

Publication Year:

  • 2011

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Keywords (Original Language):

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Abstract (2. Language): 
It is generally accepted taht 1348 Plague is an epidemic that passed to Europe from Asia through Sicily, causing extremely significant outcomes. The people of Europe, who had just survived a great famine, but were stil suffering from its effects, faced a new catastrophe. This disease has various forms and the reason why it came out is not known for sure. In order to cure it, various treatments and ways of protection which seem very strange to us today were developed; however, almost half of Europe`s population died because of this epidemic. When the outcomes are considered; we can see social outcomes such as riots, changes in the demographic map of the continent, psychological insecurity and emergence of fear, declining social relationships and attacks against Jews since they were seen as the reason of the emergence of the disease, as well as economical outcomes such as trade almost coming to a stop, some professions making a lot of Money, some very expensive products and increase in workers` wages and also a series of cultural outcomes. This epidemis, which affected every aspect of life and the outcomes of which concern not only the Middle Ages but also the following ages, recurred in the continent later on; however, it did not cause such great outcomes.
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Abstract (Original Language): 
1348 veba salgını genel kabule göre Asya kıtasından Sicilya yoluyla Avrupa kıtasına geçmiş ve son derece önemli sonuçlara yol açmış bir salgındır. Bu yıllarda büyük bir kıtlığı henüz atlatmış ama etkilerini hala yaşamakta olan Avrupa halkı yeni bir felaketle yüz yüze kalmıştır. Çeşitli türleri olan ve ortaya çıkış nedeni kesin olarak bilinmeyen bu hastalığı tedavi etmek için bugün bize çok tuhaf görünen çeşitli tedaviler ve korunma yolları geliştirilmiş ancak yine de bu salgın nedeniyle Avrupa nüfusunun neredeyse yarısına yakınının ölmesine engel olunamamıştır. Sonuçlarına bakıldığında ise; isyanlar çıkması, kıtanın demografik haritasının değişmesi, psikolojik güvensizlik ve korku ortamının doğması, sosyal ilişkilerin zayıflaması ve hastalığın sebebi olarak kabul edildikleri için Yahudilere çeşitli zulümler yapılması gibi sosyal; ticaretin durma noktasına gelmesi, bazı mesleklerin çok para kazanması, bazı ürünlerin çok pahalı olması, işçi ücretlerinin artması gibi ekonomik ve bir dizi de kültürel sonuç ile karşılaşılmaktadır. Hayatın her alanını etkileyen, sonuçları sadece Ortaçağı değil sonraki çağları da ilgilendiren bu salgın hastalık, daha sonraları kıtada tekrar görülmüş ama bu denli büyük etkiler yaratamamıştır.
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