Andersen, J. (1979). Teacher immediacy as a predictor of teaching effectiveness.
In D. Nimmo (Ed.), Communication Yearbook, 3 (pp. 543-559). New Brunswick, NJ:
Transaction Books.
Christophel, D. M. (1990). The relationships among teacher immediacy behaviors,
student motivation, and learning. Communication Education, 39, 323-340.
Freitas, A. F., Myers, S. A., & Avtgis, T. A (1998). Student perceptions of instructor
immediacy in conventional and distributed classrooms. Communication Education, 47,
366-372.
Gorham, J. (1988). The relationship between verbal teacher immediacy behaviors and
student learning. Communication Education, 37, 40-53.
Kelley, D., & Gorham, J. (1988) Effects of immediacy on recall of information.
Communication Education, 37(2), 198-207.
Mehrabian, A. (1969). Some referents and measures of nonverbal behavior.
Behavior Research Methods and Instrumentation, 1(6), 205-207.
Menzel, K. E., & Carrell, L. J. (1999). The impact of gender and immediacy of
willingness to talk and perceived learning. Communication Education, 48, 31-40.
Miles, M.B., & Huberman, A.M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded
sourcebook. (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Myers, S. A., Zhong, M., & Guan, S. (1998). Instructor immediacy in the Chinese
college classroom. Communication Studies, 49, 240-253.
Richmond, V. P., Lane, D. R., & McCroskey, J. C. (2006). Teacher immediacy and the
teacher-student relationship. In T. P. Mottet, V. P. Richmond, & J. C. McCroskey (Eds.),
Handbook of instructional communication: Rhetorical and relational perspectives (pp.
167-194). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Rourke, L., Anderson, T., Garrison, D.R., & Archer, W. (2001). Assessing social
presence in asynchronous text based computer conferencing. Journal of Distance
Education 14 (2), 50-71.
Swan, K., Polhemus, L., Shih, L-F., & Rogers, D. (2001). Building knowledge building
communities through asynchronous online course discussion. Seattle, WA: Paper
presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association.
Swan, K. (2002). Immediacy, social presence, and asynchronous discussion. In J.
Bourne & J. C. Moore (Eds), Elements of Quality Online Education, Volume 3 (pp. 157-
172). Needham, MA: Sloan Center for Online Education.
235
Swan, K., & Richardson, J. C. (2003). Examining social presence in online courses in
relation to students‘ perceived learning and satisfaction. Journal of Asynchronous
Learning Networks, 7, 68-82.
Tsang, E.Y.M., Choi, H.M.F., & Tam, K.C. (2002). Students‘ participation in computermediated
communication. In D. Murphy, N. Shin & W. Zhang (Eds.), Advancing online
learning in Asia. Hong Kong: Open University of Hong Kong.
Tu, C. H., & McIsaac, M. (2002). The relationship of social presence and interaction in
online classes. The American Journal of Distance Education, 16 (3), 131-150.
Wallace, R.M. (2003). Online Learning in Higher Education: a review of research on
interactions among teachers and students. Education, Communication and
Information 3(2), 241-280.
Thank you for copying data from http://www.arastirmax.com
