THE EFFECT OF THE CREATIVE DRAMA METHOD ON THE SOCIAL PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Journal Name:
- Turkish Studies
Keywords (Original Language):
Author Name | University of Author | Faculty of Author |
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Abstract (2. Language):
Problem solving is one of the unavoidable realities of life. It is possible to be confronted with problems of various severity and scope almost every day in one's social life. The problems are generally discomforting for the individuals. Both the problems themselves and the ways the individuals solve them can lead to other problems. The approach and the reactions involved are therefore as important as the problems themselves (Nezu, Nezu ve D’ Zurilla, 2007).
Problem solving is described as the self-directed cognitive-behavioral process by which an individual, couple, or group attempts to identify or find effective solutions for specific problems encountered in everyday living. Various difficulties, problems and obstacles are experienced during daily life and various problem-solving methods are used to overcome them. Human beings spend most of their energy and time for the problem solving and decision-making processes (Korkut, 2002). Problem solving is defined as a complex process that includes sensory and behavioral features in addition to cognitive skills (Heppner ve Petersen, 1982).
The aims of social problem-solving skill training is to increase a positive approach decrease a negative approach to problems, develop rational problem-solving skills, discourage the inattentive/impulsive problem solving style, prevent the avoidant problem-solving style, and improve the solution-applying skills (D’ Zurilla ve Nezu, 2007).
It may not always be possible to learn effective problem-solving skills in daily life. A professional is therefore needed to teach these skills in a systematic manner (Myrick 1993). Most of the comprehensive developmental guidance programs prepared for this purpose include problem-solving skills (Baker ve Shaw 1987; Blissett ve McGrath 1996; Farrel, Meyer ve White 2001; Mandin, Jones et.al 1997; Nelson, Golding ve ark., 1995; Sawyer, Macmullin ve ark., 1997). Creative drama is one of these methods. Creative drama has been found to be effective in teaching social skills (Kara, Çam, 2007; Çalışkan Çoban, 2007, Akfırat, 2004; Buege, 1993; Freeman, Sullivan,ve Fulton, 2003), developing empathy (Gökçearslan Çifci ve Altınova, 2012), self-respect (Altınova, 2014), and awareness (Erdoğan, 2006; Noble, Egan, ve McDowell, 1977), teaching conflict resolution (Gündoğdu ve Izgar, 2010; Pipkin ve DiMenna, 1989), vocational guidance(Bozdoğan, 2003; Karataş ve Yavuzer, 2010), increasing resourcefulness(Uşaklı, 2006) and decreasing shyness (Durmuş, 2006). There are some studies that have tried to determine the effect of the creative drama methods on the social development and socialization level of individuals. However, we did not come across any study on the effect of long-term creative drama training on the social problem-solving skills of individuals. We therefore hope that creative drama will increase social problem-solving skills.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a social problem solving training program taught on the basis of creative drama on the social problem solving levels of 1st year university students. The study group consisted of twenty eight first year university students. Twenty two (78.57 %) students were females and six (%21.43) males.
The social problem solving training program was attended by the study group students for 14 weeks. The experiment group received courses planned using the creative drama method as the basis and presented by the investigators. There are three stages of the creative drama program:
The first stage included the 1st to 4th sessions and consisted of problem management together with the cognitive, perception and behaviors of the students. The second stage was the 5th to 9th sessions and included the problem definition and formulation of the students. The third stage was the 10th to 13th sessions and focused on the social problem-solving skills of the students to include decision making and general problem solving. The last session was for a general evaluation and completing the scales. Each creative drama process (session) consists of warm-up, enactment and evaluation stages.
All participants were administered the "Social Problem Solving Inventory" before and after the program. The data were evaluated with the Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Marked Sequence Numbers test for repeated measurements. The mean social problem solving skill scores of the students was 176.3±40.76 before the creative drama training and 193.5±34.92 afterwards. The mean score for the Social Orientation Scale, a subscale of the Social Problem Solving Inventory, was 77.0±17.54 before the training and 85.2±14.36 afterwards. The mean Problem Solving Skills score was 99.2±26.20 before the training and 108.2±23.66 afterwards. There was a statistically significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores for the Social Problem Solving Inventory, Problem Solving Skills and Problem Orientation Scales (p <.05).
The study findings revealed that the social problem solving training program was effective in improving the social problem solving of the student. The courses were provided by the investigators with an emphasis on social problem solving.
The use of the drama method for activities aimed at improving social problem-solving skills enables the use of the social problem-solving steps by the students in different situations and influences the development of social problem-solving skills. It is therefore suggested to provide the opportunity of using the problem-solving steps by organizing activities where problems encountered frequently in daily life are considered and also to support more active participation of the students to problems that require solving social problems.
The social problem-solving skills training group program that was developed within the scope of this study and applied to university students can be modified as necessary to be used at various training levels such as primary and secondary school, and its applicability can be extended following tests of its effectiveness with experimental studies. It is possible to create an "administrator training group program" to train specialists who are able to apply the program so as to enable using the social problem-solving skills training group program on larger groups. It may especially be prepared and used for preschool and primary school teachers, parents and peer groups to increase social problem-solving skills, aiming to prevent the development of ineffective problem-solving skills and increase awareness of the subject. The study was conducted on higher education students. The program can be changed as necessary according to the characteristics of the sample group in the future and can be prepared and used for parents, couples and families.
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Abstract (Original Language):
Bu araştırmanın amacı, yaratıcı drama temelli olarak uygulanan bir sosyal sorun çözme eğitimi programının, üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal sorun çözme düzeyleri üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmektir. Araştırma tek grup öntest- sontest modelde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma, deney grubunda 28 öğrenci ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırmaya katılan üniversite öğrencilerinin yaş, cinsiyet gibi demografik özelliklerini belirlemek için sosyodemografik bilgi formu uygulanmıştır. Sosyal Sorun Çözme Envanteri, deney grubunda yapılan çalışmalarda hem ön test hem de son test olarak kullanılmıştır. Öğrencilerin sosyal sorun çözme becerilerine yönelik ortalama puanları yaratıcı drama eğitimi öncesi 176.3±40.76 iken, eğitim sonrası 193.5±34.92 olarak belirlenmiştir. Sosyal Sorun Çözme Envanteri’nin ana alt ölçeği Sorun Yönelim Ölçeği ortalama puanı eğitim öncesi 77.017.54, eğitim sonrası 85.214.36 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bir diğer ana alt ölçeği olan Sorun Çözme Becerileri Ölçeği ortalama puanı da eğitim öncesi 99.226.20, eğitim sonrası 108.223.66 olarak saptanmıştır. Sosyal Sorun Çözme Envanteri, Sorun Yönelim Ölçeği ve Sorun Çözme Becerileri Ölçeği için elde edilen öntest ve sontest puanları arasındaki farkın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu (p <.05) görülmektedir. Araştırma verilerinden elde edilen bulgulara göre, deney grubunda uygulanan yaratıcı drama etkinliklerinin, üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal sorun çözme becerisini istatistiksel olarak arttırdığı görülmüştür. Etkisiz problem çözme becerilerinin gelişmesini önleyici nitelikte ve aynı zamanda bu konuda bilinçlenmeyi sağlamak üzere özellikle okul öncesi ve ilköğretimde öğretmenlere, anne babalara ve akran gruplarına yönelik sosyal problem çözme beceri eğitimi programları hazırlanarak uygulanabilir.
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