You are here

Home » Content

Development of an essential medicine supply competency framework for primary healthcare personnel: Participatory Action Research

Journal Name:

  • International Journal of Nursing

Publication Year:

  • 2012

Key Words:

Author NameUniversity of AuthorFaculty of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
Background: Many maternal and child health related deaths in Pacific Island Countries (PICs) may be prevented with readily available medicines provided by suitably trained health personnel. A systematic approach to improving essential medicines supply management competency has begun in the region with the need to develop a competency framework for primary healthcare personnel in the Pacific Islands identified as a priority. The aim of this research is to determine the competencies required by primary healthcare personnel involved in essential medicine supply at the primary healthcare level within PICs. Methods: Through a process of participatory action research, academics, Ministry of Health officials and health personnel, worked together to develop and validate a competency framework suitable for the region. Three cycles of participatory action research were conducted: cycle one - a draft competency framework was developed using existing frameworks, validated by workplace observation and survey; cycle two – the draft framework was presented and discussed at nine workshops to validate and finalise the framework; cycle three – the final competency framework was validated using an online survey tool. Results: A suggested competency framework with a high degree of relevance was generated for primary healthcare personnel at the facility level. The framework contains 70 competencies, organised into four clusters, addressing supply, professional practice, public health and patient related competencies specific for the primary healthcare environments of Pacific Island Countries. This four dimensional focus reflects the importance of addressing medication selection, procurement, distribution, use, and management for an effective medicines supply system. Conclusion: Primary healthcare personnel including nurses and nurse aids responsible for essential medicine supply and its supervision are encouraged to use this tool when considering appropriate training and when monitoring staff effectiveness in their local environments. This framework could be used as a basis to develop similar frameworks in other international environments.
Bookmark/Search this post with
FULL TEXT (PDF): 
PDF icon arastrmx_62778_1_pp_13-24.pdf
  • 2
13-24
  • English

REFERENCES

References: 

1. Albanese, M. A., G. Mejicano, P. Mullan, P. Kokotailo, and L. Gruppen. 2007. "Defining characteristics of educational competencies." Medical Education 42:248-255.
2. Anderson, Claire, Ian Bates, Billy Futter, Diane Gal, and Mike Rouse. 2010. "Global perspectives of pharmacy education and practice." World Medical & Health Policy 2:5-18.
3. Armitage, Mary and Tanzeem H. Raza. 2008. "Modernising medical careers: The need to isolate myths from facts." Clinical Teacher 5:19-22.
4. AusAID, Australian Agency for International Development, 2004, "Pacific Regional Aid Strategy 2004–2009", Retrieved 10th February 2012, (http://www.ausaid.gov.au/publications/pdf/pacific_regional_strategy.pdf).
5. AusAID, Australian Agency for International Development, 2008, "Tracking development and governance in the Pacific", Retrieved 10th February 2012, (http://www.ausaid.gov.au/publications/pdf/track_devgov.pdf).
6. Bates, I, D Mcrobbie, G Davies, and D Webb. 2004. "Why we need a defined career structure in place of informal progression." The Pharmaceutical Journal 272:283.
7. Baum, F., C. MacDougall, and D. Smith. 2006. "Participatory action research." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 60:854-857.
8. Brown, Andrew. 2009a. "Supply training package for essential reproductive health medicines & devices For 1st level Health Workers, A report fro the United Nations Population Fund - Suva." UNFPA Suva.
9. Brown, Andrew. 2009b. "A systematic review of the literature addressing competencies, training and
Brown AN et al.| Development of an essential medicine supply competency framework for primary healthcare
personnel: Participatory Action Research
International Journal of Nursing 1(2), 2012 21
workforce requirements for any healthcare worker in Pacific Island Countries involved in essential medicines supply management. Report to the Pharmaceuticals Programme, Western Pacific Regional Office, World Health Organization."
10. Bruno, Andreia. 2011. "The feasibility, development and validation of a Global Competency Framework for Pharmacy Education." The School of Pharmacy, University of London, London.
11. Bruno, Andreia, Ian Bates, Tina Brock, and Claire Anderson. 2010. "Towards a Global Competency Framework." American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 74:56.
12. Burden, S. 2002. "Continuing competence in selected healthcare professions." Journal of Allied Health 31:232-240.
13. CoDEG, Competency Development and Evaluation Group, 2010, "A Professional Development Framework for Pharmacy Technicians in Medicines Management", 14th February 2012 (http://www.codeg.org/fileadmin/codeg/pdf/tlf/FPT_Handbook_June_2010.pdf).
14. Coombes, I., M. Avent, L. Cardiff, K. Bettenay, J. Coombes, K. Whitfield, J. Stokes, G. Davies, and I. Bates. 2010. "Improvement in pharmacist's performance facilitated by an adapted competency-based general level framework." Journal of Pharmacy Practice & Research 40:111-118.
15. Deliver, People That. 2012, "People That Deliver", 4th March 2012 (http://www.peoplethatdeliver.org/).
16. Dozier, A. M. 1998. "Professional standards: linking care, competence, and quality." Journal of Nursing Care Quality 12:22-29.
17. FIP-PET, International Pharmacy Federation - Pharmacy Education Taskforce, 2010, "A Global Competency Framework Draft Version 2010", Retrieved 12th November 2011, (http://www.fip.org/files/fip/PharmacyEducation/GbCF%20booklet.pdf).
18. Geheb, M, J Dickey, G Gordon, P Beemsterboer, and M Flaherty-Robb. 2004. "Looking towards a model of organisational performance: Can health systems professionalism and competence be defined?" ACGME Bulletin Aug.:4-7.
19. Gordon, David, Leif Christensen, Manuel Dayrit, Flemming Dela, Hans Karle, and Hugo Mercer. 2008. "Educating health professionals: the Avicenna project." Lancet 371:966-967.
20. Govaerts, M. J. B. 2008. "Educational competencies or education for professional competence?" Medical Education 42:234-236.
21. Guinea, Pharmacy Board of Papua New. 2005. "Competencies for Pharmacists in Papua New Guinea." Port Moresby.
22. Hughes, R. 2004. "Competencies for effective public health nutrition practice: a developing consensus." Public Health Nutrition 7:683-691.
23. Laaksonen, R, E Mills, Catherine Duggan, J. G. Davies, I Bates, and C Mackie. 2007. "The effect of training and service provision on the self-assessed competence of community pharmacists." International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 15:1238-1239.
24. McRobbie, D., D. G. Webb, I. Bates, J. Wright, and J. G. Davies. 2001. "Assessment of Clinical Competence: Designing a Competence Grid for Junior Pharmacists." Pharmacy Education 1:67-76.
25. Meadows, N, D Webb, D Mcrobbie, S Antoniou, I Bates, and D Graham. 2004. "Developing and valitadting a competency framework for advanced pharmacy practice." The Pharmaceutical Journal 273:789-792.
26. Meštrović, Arijana, Živka Staničić, Maja Ortner Hadžiabdić, Iva Mucalo, Ian Bates, Catherine Duggan, Sarah Carter, and Andreia Bruno. 2011. "Evaluation of Croatian Community Pharmacists' Patient Care Competencies Using the General Level Framework." American Journal Of Pharmaceutical Education 75:1-8.
27. Mills, E, D Farmer, I Bates, G Davies, and D Webb. 2008. "The General Level Framework - Use in primary care and community pharmacy to support professional development." International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 16:325-331.
28. Mills, E, D Farmer, I Bates, G Davies, D Webb, and D Mcrobbie. 2005. "Development of an evidence-led competency framework for primary care and community pharmacists." The Pharmaceutical Journal 275:48-52.
29. Newton, D, M Boyle, and A Catizone. 2008. "The NAPLEX - Evolution, Purpose, Scope and Educational Implications." American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 72:33.
30. Potter, Christopher and Richard Brough. 2004. "Systemic capacity building: a hierarchy of needs." Health Policy & Planning 19:336-345.
31. Reason, Peter and Hilary Bradbury. 2008. "The SAGE Handbook of Action Research." Sage Publications.
32. Riding, P, S Fowell, and P Levy. 1995. "An action research approach to curriculum development." Information Research 1.
33. Smith, N. 2006. "Competencies to practice for pharmacists, pharmacy technicians and pharmacy assistants in Fiji." Fiji Ministry of Health, Suva.
34. Spielman, Andrew I., Terry Fulmer, Elise S. Eisenberg, and Michael C. Alfano. 2005. "Dentistry, nursing, and medicine: A comparison of core competencies." Journal of Dental Education 69:1257-1271.
35. Survey Monkey 2011, "Survey Monkey", Accessed 15th March 2012 (http://www.surveymonkey.com/).
36. UNFPA, United Nations Population Fund, 2008, "Reproductive Health Commodity Security (RHCS) Status Assessment Reports for 10 Pacific Islands", Retrieved 10th February 2012, (http://210.7.20.137/Pages/Connect_RHCS.html).
37. UNFPA, United Nations Population Fund, 2010 "UNFPA Annual Report 2010", Retrieved 10th February 2012, (unfpa.org/public/home/publications/pid/7797).
38. UNFPA, United Nations Population Fund, 2012, Accessed 7th February 2012, (http://countryoffice.unfpa.org/pacific/).
39. Wass, V., J. Shatzer, and R. Jones. 2001. "Medical education quartet. Assessment of clinical competence." Lancet 357:945-949.
40. Wass, Val, Cees Van der Vleuten, John Shatzer, and Roger Jones. 2001. "Assessment of clinical competence." Lancet 357:945.
41. Whiddett, S and S Hollyforde. 2003. A Practical Guide to Competencies - How to enhance individual and organisational performance: Chartered Institute of Personnel Development.
42. Whitcomb, M. 2002. "Competency-based graduate medical education? Of course! But how could competency be assessed?" Academic Medicine: Journal of The Association of American Medical Colleges 77:359-360.
43. WHO-GHWA, World Health Organisation Global Health Workforce Alliance, 2012, "HRH Action Framework", Retrieved 14th February 2012, (http://www.capacityproject.org/framework/).
44. WHO-WPRO, World Health Organisation - Western Pacific Regional Office, 2005, "Regional Strategy for Improving Access to Essential Medicines in the Western Pacific Region 2005-2010", Retrieved 10th February 2012, (http://www.wpro.who.int/publications/PUB_9290611855.htm).
45. WHO, World Health Organisation, 2011, "The World Medicines Situation 2011 Medicines Prices, Availability and Affordability", Retrieved 10th February 2012, (http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/policy/world_medicines_situation/WMS_...).

Thank you for copying data from http://www.arastirmax.com