You are here

Home » Content

Oftalmolojide Apopitoz

Apoptosis in Ophthalmology

Journal Name:

  • Fırat Tıp Dergisi

Publication Year:

  • 2006

Key Words:

Keywords (Original Language):

Author NameUniversity of AuthorFaculty of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
Apoptosis is the genetically regulated form of programmed cell death that permits the safe disposal of cells when they are damaged and fulfilled their intended biological function. Apoptosis starts with death signals coming from outside or inside of the cell and continue with to activate the mechanisms of apoptosis via cell death receptor or mitocondrial pathways. During apoptosis a group proteases are activated which cause DNA fragmentation, cytoplasmic shrinkage and membrane blebbing. Apoptotic cells divide into apoptotic bodies and these apoptotic bodies are then removed from tissue by phagocytes and adjacent cells. Apoptosis is regulated by some oncogenes like p53 and Bcl-2. In ophthalmology, apoptosis plays role in pathogenesis of diseases like retinoblastoma, glaucoma, retinal degenerations, retinal detachment, keratoconus and some eye disorders. Thus, to understand mechanisms that control apoptosis will allow benefits for therapy ©2006, Fırat Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi
Bookmark/Search this post with
Abstract (Original Language): 
Apopitoz organizmada görevini tamamlamış ya da hasara uğramış hücrelerin çevre hücrelere zarar vermeden ortadan kaldırılmasını sağlayan, genetik olarak kontrol edilen programlanmış bir hücre ölümüdür. Apopitozda hücre içi veya dışı kaynaklı ölüm sinyalleri ve hücre ölüm reseptörü veya mitokondri yoluyla apopitotik mekanizma aktive olur ve sonuçta DNA kırılması meydana gelir. Apopitotik hücreler apopitotik cisimlere ayrılarak çevre hücreler tarafından fagosite edilirler. Apopitoz embriyogenez ve doku hemostazı gibi fizyolojik durumlarda veya iskemi, toksisite ve neoplazik değişiklikler sırasında ortaya çıkar ve p53, Bcl-2 gibi bazı onkogenler tarafından regüle edilir. Apopitoz retinoblastom, glokom, katarakt, retina dekolmanı, keratokonus ve bazı göz hastalıklarının patogenezinde rol oynadığından apopitozu kontrol eden mekanizmaların anlaşılması tedavi çabalarına katkıda bulunacaktır.©2006, Fırat Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi
FULL TEXT (PDF): 
PDF icon arastirmax-oftalmolojide-apopitoz.pdf
  • 1
6-12
  • Turkish

REFERENCES

References: 

1. Kinloch RA, Treherme JM, Furness LM. The pharmacology of apoptosis. Trends Pharmol Sci 1999; 20: 35-42.
2. Wilson SE. Stimulus-specific and cell type-specific cascades: emerging principles relating to control of apoptosis in th eye. Exp
Eye Res 1999; 69: 255-266.
3. Quigley HA. Neuronal death in glaucoma. Prog Retin Eye Res 1999; 18: 39-57.
4. Kerr JFR, Willie AH, Currie AR. Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomenon with wide ranging implications in tissue kinetics. Br J Cancer 1972; 26: 239-257.
5. Wyllie AH, Duvall H. Cell death. In: McGee JOD, Iseacson PG, Wright M, eds. Oxford Textbook of Pathology, vol 1. USA, Oxford University Pres 1992: 141-147.
6. Bosman FT, Visser BC, Ooveren JV. Apoptosis: Pathophysiology of programmed cell death. Path Res Pract 1996; 192: 676-683.
7. Mountz JD, Zhou T. Apoptosis and autoimmunity. In: Kopman WJ, ed. A Textbook of Rheumatology: Artritis and allied conditions. Lippincott-Williams&Wilkins 2001.
8. Pole RJ, Qi BQ, Beasley SW. Patterns of apoptosis during degeneration of the pronephros and mesonephros. J Urol 2002;
167: 269-271.
9. Staunton MJ, Gaffney G. Apoptosis. Basic concepts and potential significance in human cancer. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1998; 122:
310-319.
10. Carson DA, Rbiero JM. Apoptosis and disease. The Lancet 1993; 341: 1251-1254.
11. Melino G, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Piedda L. Tissue transglutaminase and apoptosis: sense and antisense transfection studies with human neuroblastoma cells. Mol Cell Biol 1994; 14:
6584-6596.
12. Gavrieli Y, Sherman Y, Ben-Sasson SA. Identification of programmed cell death in situ via specific labeling of nuclear DNA fragmentation. J Cell Biol 1992; 119: 493-501.
13. Sung CH, Schneider BG, Agarwal N, Papermaster DS, Nathans J. Functional heterogenicity of mutant rhodopsins responsible for autosomal dominant retinitis pimentosa. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
1991; 88: 8840-8844.
14. Mosinger JL, Price MT, Bai HY, Yiao H, Wozniuk DF, Olney JW. Blockage of both NMDA and non-NMDA receptors is required for optimal protection against ischemic neuronal degeneration in the in vitro adult mammalian retina. Exp Neurol 1991; 113: 10-17.
15. Jones BA, Gores GJ. Physiology and pathophysiology of apoptosis in epithelial cells of the liver, pancreas and intestine.
Am J Physiol 1997; 273.
16. Budd RC. Death receptors couple to both cell proliferation and apoptosis. J Clin Invest 2002; 109: 437-442.17. Gastman BR. Apoptosis and its clinical impact. Head Neck 2001;
23: 409-425.
18. Gobe G, Zhang XJ, Cuttle L. Bcl-2 genes and growth factors in the pathology of ischemic acute renal failure. Immunol Cell Biol
1999; 77: 279-286.
19. Feri KF, Kroemer G. Mitocondria-the suicide organelles. Bio Essays 2001; 23: 111-115.
20. Sheikh MS, Fornace Aj-Jr. Role of p53 family members in
apoptosis. J Cell Physiol 2000; 182: 171-181.
21. Oz O, Gurelik G, Akyurek N, Cinel L, Hondur A. A short
duration transient ischemia induces apoptosis in retinal layers: An experimental study in rabbits. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2005; 15: 233-8.
22. Mukuno H, Nakamura M, Kanamori A, Nagai A, Negi A, Seigel G. Unoprostone isopropyl rescues retinal progenitor cells from apoptosis in vitro. Curr Eye Res. 2004; 29: 457-64.
23. Garcia-Valenzuela E, Shareef S, Walsh J, Sharma SC. Programmed cell death of retinal ganglion cells during experimental glaucoma. Exp Eye Res 1995; 61: 33-44.
24. Mansour-Robaey S, Clarke DB, Wang YC, Bray GM, Aguayo AJ. Effects of ocular injury and administration of brain derived neurotrophic factor on survival and regrowth of axotomized
retinal ganglion cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994; 91: 1632¬1636.
25. Nickells RW, Zack DJ. Apoptosis in ocular disease: a molecular
reiew. Ophthalmic Genetics 1996; 17: 145-165.
26. Dreyer EB, Zurakowski D, Schumer RA, Podos SM, Lipton SA. Elevated glutamate levels in the vitreus body of humans and monkeys with glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol 1996; 114: 299-305.
27. Osborne NN, Cazevielle C, Carvalho AI et al. In vivo and in vitro experiments show that betaxolol is a neuroprotective agent. Brain
Res 1997; 75: 113-122.
28. Yoles E, Wheeler LA, Schwartz M. A2-adrenoreceptor agonists are neuroprotective in a rat model of optic nevre degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1999; 40: 65-73.
29. Wen R, Cheng T, Li Y. Alpha 2-adrenergic agonists induce basic fibroblast growth factor expression in photoreceptors in vivo and ameliorate light damage. J Neurosci 1996; 16: 5986-5992.
30. Hogan MJ. Role of retinal pigment ephitelium in macular disease.
Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 1972; 76: 64-80.
31. Burns RP, Feeney-Burns L. Clinico-morphological correlations of drusen and Bruch membrane. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1980;
78: 206-225.
32. Hinton DR, He S, Lopez PF. Apoptosis in surgically excised choroidal neovascular membranes in age-related macular degeneration. Arch Ophthalmol 1998; 116: 302-309.
33. Portera-Cailliau C, Sung CH, Nathans J, Adler R. Apoptotic
photoreceptor cell death in mouse models of retinitis pigmentosa. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994; 91: 974-978.34. Renne CE, Grimm C, Hafezi F. Apoptotic cell death in retinal degenerations. Prog Retin Eye Res 1998; 17: 443-464.
35. Flannery JG, Farber DB, Bird AC. Degenerative changes in a retina affected with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1989; 30: 191-211.
36. Li ZY, Milam AH. In: Anderson, La Vail MM, Hollyfield JG,
eds. Degenerative disease of thr retina. New York; Plenum, 1995:
1-8.
37. Chen J, Flanney JG, La Vail MM, Steinberg RH, Xu J, simon MI. Bcl-2 overexpression reduıces apoptotic photoreceptor cell death in three different retinal degenerations. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
1996; 93: 7042-7047.
38. Faktorovich EG, Steinberg RH, Yasumura D, Matthes MT, La
Vail MM. Photoreceptor degeneration in inherited retinal dystrophy delayed by basic fibroblast growth factor. Nature 1990;
347: 83-86.
39. Sahly I, Bar Nachum S, Suss Toby E. Calcium channel blockers inhibit retinal degeneration in the retinal degeneration-B-mutant of Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992; 89: 435-439.
40. Bubenik GA, Purtill RA. The role of melatonin and dopamine in retinal physiology. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1980; 58: 1457¬1462.
41. Hamel PA, Philips RA, Muncaster M, Gallie BL. Speculations on the role of RB in tissue-specific differentiation, tumor initiation and tumor progression. FASEB J 1993; 6: 846-854.
42. Tatlıpınar S, Kıratlı H. Apopitozis ve göz. T Oft Gaz 2000; 30: 587-597.
43. Chang CJ, Lai WW, Edward DP, Tso MOM. Apoptotic
photoreceptor cell death after traumatic retinal detachment in humans. Arch Ophthalmol 1995; 113: 880-886.
44. Gao J, Schwalb TA, Addeo JV, Ghosn CR, Stern ME. The role of
apoptosis in pathogenesis of canine keratoconjunctivitis sicca:
Turgut ve Ark. The effect of topical cyclosporin A therapy. Cornea 1998; 17:
654-663.
45. Tsubota K, Fujita H, Tadano K et al. Improvement of lacrimal function by topical application of Cy A in murine models of Sjogren's Syndrome. Invest Ophthaomol Vis Sci 2001; 42: 101¬110.
46. Chan CC, Matteson DM, Li Q, Whitcup SM, Nussenblatt RB.
Apoptosis in patients with posterior uveitis. Arch Ophthalmol
1997; 115: 1559-1567.
47. Wilson SE, Kim WJ. Keratocyte apoptosis: Implications on corneal wound healing, tissue organization an disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1998; 39: 220-226.
48. Helena MC, Baerveldt F, Kim WJ, Wilson SE. Keratocyte
apoptosis following corneal surgery. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
1998; 39: 276-283.
49. Wilson SE, Pedroza L, Beuerman R, Hill JM. Herpes simplex virus type 1 infection of corneal epithelial cells induces apoptosis of underlying keratocytes. Exp Eye Res 1997; 64: 775-779.
50. Szentmary N, Szende B, Suveges I. Epithelial cell, keratocyte, and endothelial cell apoptosis in Fuchs' dystrophy and in pseudophakic bullous keratopathy. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2005; 15:
17-22.
51. Kim TI, Pak JH, Tchah H, Lee SA, Kook MS. Ceramide-induced apoptosis in rabbit corneal fibroblasts. Cornea. 2005; 24:72-9.
52. Wilson SE, He YG, Weng J et al. Epithelial injury induces keratocyte apoptosis: hypothesized role for the interleukin-1 system in the modulation of corneal tissue organization and
wound healing. Exp Eye Res 1996; 62: 325-338.
53. Tan DTH, Tang WY, Liu YP, Goh HS, Smith DR. Apoptosis and apoptosis related gene expression in normal conjunctiva and pergium. Br J Ophthalmol 2000; 84: 212-216.

Thank you for copying data from http://www.arastirmax.com