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SOMATİK HÜCRE NUKLEUS AKTARIMI-I: YÖNTEM

SOMATIC CELL NUCLEAR TRANS FER-1: METHOD

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Abstract (2. Language): 
Cloning studies performed in order to produce genetically identical living beings arc scperated in two groups: reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. Therapeutic cloning procedure involves acquiring pluripotent stem cells from the embryo obtained by cloning an adult cell, in order to use it for treatment purposes. The aim of this method can be defined as 'cell-replacement therapy'. Nuclear Transfer (NT) is a form of cloning. In this method the nucleus (karyoplast) which contains genetic material of a donor cell is transferred to an oocyte or zygote (cytoplast), genetic material of which is removed. Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) is performed by using a nucleus of adult somatic cell. SCNT technology was used in cloning of Dolly and since that, many mammal species have been cloned using this method. It has been demonstrated that oocyte could be reprogrammed an adult nucleus to an embryonic state which can develop a new organism directly. Nuclear reprogramming of differentiated adult nucleus to pluripotency induces epigenetic prollle alterations. Reprogrammed somatic nuclei are similar to embryonic stem cells nuclei, by means of pluripolenlial competence. However, in future, etichal discussions arise from destruction of embryo during cloning may be closed by the possibility that, using hibridization techniques in laboratory conditions, it is possible to obtain pluripotent stem cells from somatic cells by creating independent cultured cell lines.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Genetik yapısı aynı olan canlılar dizisi üretmeyi amaçlayan klonlama çalışmaları iki gruba ayrılır: üreme amaçlı klonlama ve tedavi amaçlı klonlama. Tedavi amaçlı klonlama. erişkin bir hücrenin klonlanmasıyla oluşturulan embriyodan pluripotent kök hücreler elde edip bunu tedav i amaçlı kullanmaktır. Bu yöntemin hedefi 'hücre replasmanı tedavisi' olarak nitelendirilebilir. Nukletıs aktarımı yöntemiyle klonlama; hır donör hücrenin genetik materyalini içeren çekirdeğinin (karyoplast) genetik materyali çıkartılmış bir oosit veya zigota (sitoplast) transferi ile olur. Erişkin bir canlının somatik hücre nukleusu kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen klonlama yöntemine 'somatik hücre nukletıs aktarımı' denir. Somatik hücre nukletıs aktarımı yöntemiyle klonlanan Dolly'den beri bu teknoloji kullanılarak bir çok memeli türleri klonlanmıştır. Oositin, erişkin bir nukleusu yeni bir organizmayı doğrudan geliştirebilen embriyonik bir hale yeniden programlayabildiği gösterilmiştir. Nuklcusun yeniden programlanması, epigenetik profil değişimlerini indükler ve özelleşmiş somatik çekirdeği pluripotent hale getirir. Yeniden programlanmış somatik hücre nukleusu. pluripotansiyel yeterlik bakımından embriyonik kök hücre nukleusuna benzer. Ancak gelecekte iaboratuvar koşullarında hıbridızasyon teknikleri kullanılarak doğrudan bağımsız hücre kültürü pasajlarının oluşturulması yoluyla erişkin hücrelerden pluripotent kök hücreler elde etmek, klonlamada elde edilen embriyonun parçalanarak yok edilmesinin doğurduğu elik tartışmaları da sonlandırahilecektır.
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