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EKONOMİK REFORM ARACI VE KENTSEL SİLÜET ELEMANI OLARAK GÖKDELENLER: ABDALİ YERLEŞİMİ ÖRNEK PROJESİ, AMMAN

SKYSCRAPERS AS TOOLS OF ECONOMIC REFORM AND ELEMENTS OF URBAN SKYLINE: CASE OF THE ABDALI DEVELOPMENT PROJECT AT AMMAN

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Abstract (2. Language): 
The city’s skyline is the line that separates earth from sky (1). It can be natural such as trees, mountains or sea, or man-made such architecture. Skyline is the product of several civilizations that has been shaped over many years, and it is different from city to another. Skylines in the past have been affected by historical, geographical, natural, economical, social and religious factors. In modern times the economic factor has become the main issue affecting our cities’ skylines (Tunnard, 1965). Every civilization has its own skyline image (Tunnard and Reed, 1965). The old Egyptian city’s skyline (Figure 1) was dominated by the pyramids and obelisks to reach the sky as their religion and beliefs thought (Mumford, 1961). In Babylon City the use of ziggurats dominated the skyline. The temple or the pantheon at the summit of hills dominated old Greek cities (Figure 2). The triumph arches and large domes of churches dominated the Roman and Byzantine city of the past. The church towers continued to dominate the city of Medieval, Romanesque and Renaissance cities (Attoe, 1981). In Islamic cities, such as Cairo and İstanbul (Figure 3), the minarets and domes of mosques dominated the city skyline (Bianca, 1984). Since the advent of the industrial revolution, the chimneys of factories started to take place instead of the religious building of the past (Worskett, 1969). During the 20th century, the adaptation of steel material in building construction paved the way towards high rise buildings and construction of bridges (Cherry, 1980). The 20th century city skyline is characterized by the introduction of electricity and telecommunication towers, and completely new building functions such as airports, train stations, large malls, large exhibition areas, stadiums, and galleries (Figure 4) (Bor, 1972). The 21st century city skyline is a continuation to the 20th century skyline with more emphasis on high technology style of buildings. High technology style buildings will dominate the new Abdali skyline and thus, Amman’s new skyline.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Gökdelenlerin çevre sakinleri ve yatırımcılar tarafından gücün ve ekonomik güçlülüğün sembolü olarak algılandığı Ürdün’de, yakın zamanlarda ekonomik durumun iyileştirilmesi amacıyla yabancı yatırımcıyı teşvik edici bir ekonomik reform süreci başlatıldı. Bu makalede Amman kent merkezi yakınlarındaki Abdali bölgesinin yabancı yatırımcılar elinde gelişen kentsel dönüşüm (kentsel yeniden oluşum: urban regeneration) projesi, önerdiği yeni gökdelenler ve bunların kentin silüetine olan katkıları açısından değerlendirilmektedir. Amman’ın ufuk çizgisi, Orta Doğu’nun öteki geleneksel kentlerinde olduğu gibi, 1990’lara kadar değişmeden kaldı. O zamandan beri konut mahalleleri arasında gökdelenler inşa etmek, kendiliğinden ve denetimsiz biçimde ortaya çıkan bir inşa etkinliği oldu ve gökdelenlerin, fiziksel çevre üzerindeki, kentin sosyal yaşamı ya da kentin ufuk çizgisi üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmadan gerçekleştirildi. Abdali’deki yedi yenigökdelen, sonuçta kentin silüetini yeniden şekillendirecek ve yeniden tanımlayacaktır. Oysa kentin silüeti uzun yıllar boyunca oluşmuştur ve pek çok uygarlığın ürünüdür. Tarihsel, coğrafi, doğal, ekonomik, toplumsal, dini etmenlerle pek çok teknolojik boyut ve çeşitli planlama yönetmelikleri onun oluşumunu etkilemiştir. Bu çalışma, Abdali kentsel yeniden oluşum projesinde yalnızca ekonomik etmenin dikkate alındığını ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışma, Amman kentinin bugünkü silüetini bazı bölümlere ayırarak incelemekte, yerel mahalle sakinleriyle yapılan bir anket sorgusu yoluyla da bu yeni projenin mahallenin geleneksel imajını nasıl değiştireceğini bulgulamaya çalışmaktadır.
FULL TEXT (PDF): 
49-70

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