Journal Name:
- The International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Bio-Science
Key Words:
| Author Name | University of Author |
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Abstract (2. Language):
The Microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast and now fungi play an important role in remediation of toxic metals through reduction of the metal ions, this was considered interesting as nanofactories very recently. Using these dissimulatory properties of fungi, the biosynthesis of inorganic nanomaterials using eukaryotic organisms such as fungi may be used to grow nanoparticles of gold and silver intracellularly in Verticillium fungal cells. Recently, it was found that aqueous chloroaurate ions may be reduced extracellularly using the fungus F. oxysporum, to generate extremely stable gold or silver nanoparticles in water. The study of biosynthesis of nanomaterials offers valuable contribution into materials chemistry. The ability of some microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi to control the synthesis of metallic nanoparticle should be employed in the synthesis of new materials. The biosynthetic methods are investigated as an alternative to chemical and physical ones. It is known that many microorganisms can provide inorganic materials either intra- or extracellularly. For example, bacteria Pseudomonas strutzeri isolated from silver mine is able to reduce Ag+ ions and accumulates silver nanoparticles. The size of such nanoparticle was 16¬40 nm, with an average diameter 27 nm. Moreover, silver is occasionally used in the medical field as a topical bactericide. With the progress of nano-technology, many laboratories around the world have investigated silver nanoparticle production as the nanoparticle possesses more surface atoms than a microparticle, which greatly improves the particle's physical and chemical characteristics. However, at present there is no truly efficient method for their large-scale production. Some physical or chemical methods that are currently available for silver nanoparticle production include mechanical smashing, a solid-phase reaction, freeze-drying, spread drying and precipitation (co- and homo-precipitation). In general, these methods consume a lot of energy in order to maintain the high pressures and temperatures that are needed for them to work. In contrast, many bioprocesses occur under normal air pressure and temperature, resulting in vast energy savings.
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