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Karayolu Trafik Güvenliğine Sistem Yaklaşımı: İsveçin Vizyon Sıfır Politikası

Systems Approach to Road Traffic Safety: Sweden’s "Vision Zero" Policy

Journal Name:

  • Polis Bilimleri Dergisi

Publication Year:

  • 2011

Key Words:

Keywords (Original Language):

Author NameUniversity of Author
Abstract (2. Language): 
Road traffic crashes resulting in fatalities and injuries and their social and economic costs require a systematic approach to traffic problem. Traditional approach to road safety puts the responsibility on road users while ignoring the other components within the traffic system. However, responsibilities such as design of the vehicles, roads and the road networks, urban and rural planning, enforcement, and emergency care are divided among different sectors and groups. Then, it requires a systems approach to road traffic safety that examines the traffic system as a whole with the interaction among the units within the system. In this regard, Sweden’s Vision Zero policy, which started in 1997, emerged as a modern alternative to the traditional approach with its comprehensive approach to road traffic management, systems approach to traffic safety, sharing the responsibility between the system designers and road users, and developing strategies based on these principles. This article reviews the elements and principles of Vision Zero, and its effects on traffic safety.
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Abstract (Original Language): 
Karayolu trafiğinde meydana gelen ölüm ve yaralanmalar ile bunların sosyal ve ekonomik sonuçları, trafik problemine sistematik bir yaklaşımı gerekli kılmaktadır. Geleneksel trafik güvenliği yaklaşımı, sorumluluğu yol kullanıcılar üzerine yükleyerek trafik sisteminin diğer unsurlarını göz ardı etmektedir. Oysa araç tasarımı, yol ağlarının ve yolların tasarımı, kentsel ve kırsal planlama, denetleme ve acil yardım gibi sorumluluklar çok çeşitli sektörler ve gruplar arasında bölünmüştür. Bu durum, karayolu trafik güvenliğinin sistem yaklaşımı doğrultusunda ve trafik sisteminin bir bütün olarak içerdiği birimler arasındaki etkileşimle birlikte ele alınmasını gerektirmektedir. Bu bağlamda, İsveç’in 1997 yılında uygulamaya koyduğu “Vizyon Sıfır” (Vision Zero) politikası, karayolu trafik yönetimine kapsamlı bir yaklaşım getirmesi, sorunu sistem yaklaşımı ile ele alması, trafik güvenliğinde sorumluluğu sadece sürücülere yüklemeyerek sürücüler ve karayolu sistem tasarımcıları arasında paylaştırması ve bu esaslara dayalı stratejiler geliştirerek uygulaması yönleri ile karayolu trafik yönetiminde modern bir yaklaşım olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu makalede Vizyon Sıfır politikasının esasları, dayandığı ilkeler ile karayolu trafik güvenliğine etkileri incelenecektir.
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