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HASAT SONRASI HASTALIKLARA KARŞI SICAKLIK UYGULAMALARININ KULLANIMI

THE USE OF HEAT TREATMENTS AGAINST POSTHARVEST DISEASES

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Abstract (2. Language): 
Recently, prestorage heat treatments have proven to be a succesful control method of postharvest diseases. Heat treatments may be applied to harvested commodities by hot water, vapor heat, hot dry air and by microwave heating. The direct effect of heat treatments on reducing the inoculum size and minimizing the rots includes slowing germ tube elongation or inactivation and outright killing of germinating spores. Heat treatments have also indirect effects on rots by means of physiological responses of host tissue. The physiological responses of host tissue following treatments include induction of the production of antifungal substances and healing of wounds that serve as the penetration points of pathogens, thus indirect inhibition of postharvest diseases. Heat treatments induce the production of pathogenesis related proteins such as chitinase and glucanase, inhibit the synthesis of cell wall hydrolytic enzymes (polygalacturonases) and delay the reduction of preformed antifungal compounds within host tissue. Melting the wax layer of host surface following the heat treatments fills cuticular fractures, microwounds, and stomata, and inhibits the penetration points of pathogens
Abstract (Original Language): 
Son yıllarda, hasat sonrası hastalıklar ile savaşımda depolamadan önce yapılan sıcaklık uygulamalarının başarılı bir şekilde kullanılabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Sıcaklık uygulamaları hasat edilmiş ürünlere sıcak su, sıcak buhar, sıcak kuru hava ve mikrodalga ile ısıtma şeklinde uygulanabilmektedir. Sıcaklık uygulamaları çimlenmekte olan sporların çimlenme hızlarının yavaşlatılması, aktivitelerinin kaybolması veya doğrudan öldürülmesi gibi etkileri ile hasat edilen ürünün taşıdığı inokulum miktarını azaltmakta ve çürümeleri en alt düzeye indirmektedir. Sıcaklık uygulamalarının konukçu dokusunda meydana getirdikleri fizyolojik değişimler sonucu çürümeler üzerinde dolaylı bir etkisi de vardır. Uygulamalardan sonra konukçu dokusunun fizyolojisinde ortaya çıkan değişimler sonucu oluşan antifungal bileşiklerin üretiminin uyarılması ve patojenlerin penetrasyonda kullandıkları yaralı alanların iyileşmesi sonucu dolaylı olarak hasat sonrası hastalıklar engellenmektedir. Sıcaklık uygulamaları patojenisite ile ilişkili olan kitinaz ve glukanaz gibi proteinlerin üretimini uyarmakta, hücre duvarını hidrolize eden enzimlerin (poligalakturonaz) sentezini engellemekte ve konukçu dokusunda enfeksiyondan önce oluşmuş olan antifungal bileşiklerin parçalanma hızını yavaşlatmaktadır. Sıcaklık uygulaması sonucu konukçu yüzeyindeki mumsu tabaka eriyerek kutikulada oluşan çatlakları, mikro düzeydeki yaraları ve stomaları kapatarak patojenin bu alanlardan penetrasyonunu engellemektedir.
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