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Eski Sovyetler Birliğinde Nükleer Madde Kaçakçılığı

SMUGGLING OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS IN THE FORMER SOVIET UNION

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Abstract (2. Language): 
The dramatic change in global nuclear developments produced by the demise of the ideological divide in West-East relationships and the break-up of the Soviet Union has put nuclear proliferation issues at the core of international security policies. The threat created by the nuclear arsenal in the former Soviet Union, currently in Russia, is considered to be one of the most dangerous issues in terms of dissemination, proliferation, and illicit trafficking of nuclear materials. The vertical proliferation still has been the major concern in terms of non-proliferation regime because it caused to emerge of several unintended policy consequences in the former Soviet Union: the horizontal proliferation in newly established states and the risks to smuggle these materials globally and regionally. This study examines both policy consequences in two sections: first section encapsulates the literature review explaining conceptual components which are “non-proliferation regime” and ‘non-state actors, and the second section analyzes nuclear smuggling cases registered after the collapse of the former Soviet Union and their reflection to Turkey.
Abstract (Original Language): 
Sovyetler Birliği’nin yıkılması ve Doğu-Batı ilişkilerindeki ideolojik bölünmenin sonucu olarak küresel nükleer gelişmelerde yaşanan büyük değişimler, nükleer proliferasyonu uluslararası güvenlik konularının merkezine taşımıştır. Geçmişte Sovyetler Birliği, hâlihazırda Rusya’da var olan nükleer madde potansiyeli, nükleer proliferasyon, yayılma ve nükleer madde kaçakçılığı açılarından en tehlikeli sorunlardan biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Nükleer çoğalmayı önleme rejimi açısından dikey proliferasyon, önemli bir sorundur; çünkü bu durum geçmiş Sovyetler Birliği’nde beklenmedik politika sonuçlarının ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur: Sovyetler Birliği’nin yıkılmasından sonra yeni kurulan ülkelere nükleer maddenin yatay yayılması ve bölgesel ve küresel nükleer madde kaçakçılığına zemin hazırlayan risklerin ortaya çıkması. Bu çalışma beklenmedik politika sonuçlarını iki bölüm altında analiz etmektedir: birinci bölüm ‘nükleer çoğalmayı önleme rejimi’ ve ‘devlet dışı aktörler’ ile ilgili literatür taraması; ikinci bölüm ise Sovyetler Birliği’nin yıkılmasından sonra meydana gelen kaçakçılık olayları ve bunun Türkiye’ye de yansıması.
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